The “Unknown Hard” error that keeps on appearing in Windows 10 can put users in an unpleasant situation. This kind of error leads to the freezing of the taskbar, blackening of the screen, and sudden disappearance of the icons on the Desktop. And each time you try to open Windows, the system will only give you an error message saying that it’s a critical error and some applications like Start and Cortana won’t work.
Upon analysis, it seems that the “sihost.exe” is not responding and that it is the one that’s causing the c000021a Unknown Hard error to pop up. Sihost.exe files represent the Shell Infrastructure Host which is an essential component in the Windows operating system. The Windows Shell Infrastructure Host is primarily responsible for handling some graphical elements of the operating system interface such as the Start menu and the taskbar transparency. And so if the Shell Infrastructure or Sihost.exe has stopped, has been removed, or corrupted, you will most likely have issues with the overall functionality of the Windows operating system and you’ll get the Unknown Hard error
In addition, the ctfmom.exe Unknown Hard error may also occur due to incompatible drivers installed on your PC. Ctfmom is a process that identifies inputs such as handwriting, languages, and many more. It’s the one that controls the functions of background behavior. To resolve this issue, you need to first try to identify which application is the one that’s running the sihost.exe file. And if needed, you need to either update or reinstall or completely uninstall the problematic application.
Option 1 – Try to run the System File Checker
The SFC Scan or System File Checker, us a built-in utility in Microsoft Windows that can be found in the C:\Windows\System32 folder. This tool allows users to scan and restore any corrupted system files in Windows that might be causing the Unknown Hard error to appear. Before you use this tool, make sure to find out whether the sihost.exe on your computer is a Trojan that you have to remove or if it’s a file that belongs to a trusted Windows application. Once you have that sorted out, follow the steps below.
Tap Win + R to launch Run.
Type in cmd in the field and tap Enter.
After opening Command Prompt, type in sfc /scannow
The command will start a system scan which will take a few whiles before it finishes. Once it’s done, you could get the following results:
Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.
Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired them.
Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them.
Option 2 – Try to use System Restore
You can also try using System Restore. This is one of the ways you can use it to back up your PC. Since restore points are created automatically each week by System Restore, you can use System Restore to restore your computer back to an earlier good point in time.
Option 3 – Try to troubleshoot the error in a Clean Boot State
Putting your PC in a Clean Boot state can help you diagnose and troubleshoot the issues in your system. During this state, you can start the system with a minimum number of drivers and startup programs that will surely help you in isolating the root cause of the Unknown Hard Error.
Log onto your PC as an administrator.
Type in MSConfig in the Start Search to open the System Configuration utility.
From there, go to the General tab and click “Selective startup”.
Clear the “Load Startup items” checkbox and make sure that the “Load System Services” and “Use Original boot configuration” options are checked.
Next, click the Services tab and select the “Hide All Microsoft Services” checkbox.
Click Disable all.
Click on Apply/OK and restart your PC. (This will put your PC into a Clean Boot State. And configure Windows to use the usual startup, just simply undo the changes.)
After putting your PC in a Clean Boot State, try creating a system restore point and see if the problem still occurs. Clean Boot troubleshooting is designed to help you isolate the problem. For you to execute a clean boot troubleshooting, you must do a couple of actions (the steps are given above) and then restart your PC after every action. You might have to disable one third-party app after the other to really isolate the issue. And once you’ve narrowed down the problem, you can either disable the third-party app that’s causing the problem or remove it. Note that you must switch your PC back into the Normal Startup mode after you’re done troubleshooting the problem. Here’s how you can do it:
From the “Start” menu, go to System Configuration.
After that, switch to the General tab and click the option for “Normal Startup”.
Next, go to the Services tab and clear the checkbox for “Hide all Microsoft services”.
Then find and click “Enable all” and if prompted, you have to confirm.
Afterward, go to the Task Manager and enable all the Startup programs and confirm the action.
In case you don’t know, a teletype network, also known as Telnet, is a protocol that is meant for internet or LAN communication which is used primarily to control other computers effortlessly. And it is available as a command-line utility in Windows and helps users in opening a command-line interface for the remote computer. However, a lot of users have reported an error that states, “Telnet is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program, or batch file” when you try to use it. If you are one of these users, then you’ve come to the right place as this post will guide you on how to fix this error in Windows 10.
This kind of error means that the Telnet utility is not installed on your computer but Telnet is a default feature in Windows 10 so the protocol mainly is not enabled yet. The Telnet client is disabled by default in Windows 10 and to fix this error, you can try to enable the Telnet Client via Programs and Features or try to install Telnet using an elevated Command Prompt.
Option 1 – Try to enable the Telnet Client via Programs and Features
The first thing you can do is to enable the Telnet client using Programs and Features since it is disabled by default. To do that, follow the steps below.
Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box and type “appwiz.cpl” in the field and hit Enter to open the Programs and Features window.
Next, select the “Turn Windows features on or off” from the options given on the left-hand side.
After that, look for the Telnet client from the list and check the checkbox next to it and then click on OK to save the changes made.
Now restart your computer.
Option 2 – Try to install Telnet via an elevated Command Prompt
If enabling the Telnet client using Programs and Features didn’t work, then you can try to do it using Command Prompt instead. To get started, follow the steps given below.
In the Windows Search bar, type “command prompt” in the field and right-click on Command Prompt from the search results, and select the “Run as administrator” option.
Next, execute this command to enable the Telnet client: dism /online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:TelnetClient
Once the command has been executed, close the Command Prompt and restart your computer.
As you know, the Graphics Card in a computer is one of the important components in an operating system as they are responsible for rendering various objects in your computer. However, there are cases when the performance of this rendering can degrade and your computer can trigger a VIDEO_SCHEDULER_INTERNAL_ERROR Blue Screen of Death error instead.
The VIDEO_SCHEDULER_INTERNAL_ERROR bug check has a value of 0x00000119 which means that the video scheduler has detected a fatal violation in your computer. Before you troubleshoot the problem, you might want to perform System Restore first as it might help you fix the Stop error. To perform System Restore, refer to these steps:
First, press the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box.
After that, type in “sysdm.cpl” in the field and tap Enter.
Next, go to the System Protection tab then click the System Restore button. This will open a new window where you have to select your preferred System Restore point.
After that, follow the on-screen instructions to finish the process and then restart your computer and check if the Stop error is fixed or not.
If the VIDEO_SCHEDULER_INTERNAL_ERROR BSOD error is still not fixed after System Restore, then follow the given options below to further troubleshoot the problem.
Option 1 – Try to manually check the Graphics Card hardware
You might also want to check the physical status of your Graphics card and you can do this by disconnecting the Graphics card or any other external device connected to your computer. Once you’ve removed the external device, check it for any damages. If there’s none, connect it back to your computer and check if the VIDEO_SCHEDULER_INTERNAL_ERROR Blue Screen error is fixed or not.
Option 2 – Try removing hardware or drivers that you’ve installed recently
If you have recently installed some hardware or drivers, you might want to disable or remove them since external devices are proven to be one of the factors that trigger Blue Screen errors like VIDEO_SCHEDULER_INTERNAL_ERROR. All you have to do is physically disconnect any external devices that are connected to your computer and then check if it fixes the BSOD error or not.
Option 3 – Try to rollback, update, or disable the Graphics card drivers
Since the VIDEO_SCHEDULER_INTERNAL_ERROR Blue Screen error has something to do with Graphics card drivers, you can either roll back, update or disable them depending on your preference in order to resolve the error.
First, boot your computer into Safe Mode.
After that, tap the Win + R keys to launch Run.
Type in devmgmt.msc into the box and tap Enter or click OK to open the Device Manager.
After that, a list of device drivers will be displayed. From there, look for the Display Adapters and click on them.
After that, right-click on each entry under the Display Adapters and select the “Uninstall Device” option from the menu.
Now restart your computer.
After restarting your computer, go to the Settings app and Check for Updates in the Windows Update section.
Note: You also have the option to go directly to the website of your graphics card manufacturers like NVIDIA, Intel, or AMD and go to the section called Drivers then check if there’s a new available update – if there is, download and install it.
Option 4 – Uninstall any faulty drivers
You can also uninstall any faulty drivers via Device Manager. How? Refer to these steps:
Tap the Win + R keys to launch the Run dialog box.
Then type “devmgmt.msc” in the field and tap Enter to open the Device Manager.
From there, look for any faulty drivers. You can identify them easily as they will be marked with a yellow exclamation point. And then check which entries would not affect the normal functioning of your PC.
Now click on the entries of every faulty driver and click on the Uninstall option.
Once you’ve uninstalled them, restart your computer to allow your computer to reinstall the faulty drivers you’ve just removed.
Option 5 – Run System File Checker at boot time
Once you get to the Welcome Screen part, click on Next.
Afterward, click on the Repair your computer option located on the bottom-left part of the window.
Then click on Troubleshoot.
Next, select the Advanced Options and then Command Prompt.
After opening Command Prompt, type the “sfc /scannow” command and hit Enter to run the System File Checker scan.
Wait until the process is completed and type “exit” to close Command Prompt and then restart your computer to successfully apply the changes made.
Option 6 – Try to run the Blue Screen Troubleshooter
As you know, the Blue Screen troubleshooter is a built-in tool in Windows 10 that helps users in fixing BSOD errors like the VIDEO_SCHEDULER_INTERNAL_ERROR error. It can be found in the Settings Troubleshooters page. To use it, refer to these steps:
Tap the Win + I keys to open the Settings panel.
Then go to Update & Security > Troubleshoot.
From there, look for the option called “Blue Screen” on your right-hand side and then click the “Run the troubleshooter” button to run the Blue Screen Troubleshooter and then follow the next on-screen options. Note that you might have to boot your PC into Safe Mode.
Socket error 10013 is an error code that often pops on the screen when you try to access the server. This error code restricts your permission to access. It shows that your permission request was denied.
The error message is displayed in the following format:
“Socket.error: [Errno 10013] an attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions”
Solution
Error Causes
Narrowing down a particular reason for the cause of socket error 10013 is difficult, typically because this error code can be generated due to several reasons. Here are some of the common reasons for its occurrence on your PC:
High-security set up- Firewall or an antivirus program
Too many functions tied to the same driver confuses the socket
Outdated drivers
Malware
The good news is that the socket error 10013 is not fatal. However, it is advisable to fix and resolve the issue to avoid inconvenience.
Further Information and Manual Repair
Here are some of the best, quickest and easiest methods to work around the problem and resolve socket error 10013 without any hassle or delay.
Method 1 - Turn off Firewall
Believe it or not, a high level of internet security measures like Firewalls and anti-virus programs are a common cause of socket error 10013.
Firewalls are made to protect a computer from harmful connections but sometimes it may also restrict server connections, considering them as a threat to your system security.
Due to this, permission access is adamantly denied. To resolve this issue on your PC, the best way to go about is to turn off your Firewall or any other anti-virus programs installed on your system.
Once you turn off these programs, try accessing the server again. The majority of the time the issue is resolved by carrying this step. Nonetheless, if the error still persists, try the methods given below.
Method 2 - Check the Permissions section of the Firewall Program
Another way to resolve this is to check the permission section of the Firewall program and check for the server. If the server is not listed, contact the Internet Service Provider (ISP) and ask for help in adding the server to the list.
Method 3 - Update Drivers
The outdated driver may sometimes be the reason for the socket error 10013. The socket may no longer use the drivers installed on your PC which is why permission to access the server is not granted.
When this is the reason, try updating the drivers to resolve. For new drivers, visit the software manufacturers’ website, download, and install.
Method 4 - Scan for Viruses and Malware
Another alternative is to scan for viruses and malware. Sometimes the cause for the error is a viral infection. Therefore, remove them to resolve.
The best way is to download Restoro. This is a user-friendly and next-generation PC Fixer embedded with 6 scanners including a powerful anti-virus. It scans your entire PC and removes all types of viruses including malware, adware, spyware, and Trojans in seconds.
Click here to download Restoro.
If you have multiple products with Windows on them, Copy & Paste text between them is easy as 1,2,3 and we will be happy to tell you how can you do it.
Hello and welcome everyone, today we will see how can we share text information between 2 devices using Windows 10 in instant. In order for you to be able to share text information between devices, there are two prerequisites that you must meet. The first is that all devices must be connected to the internet, the second is that you must have a Microsoft account.
If you have both of these things continue with the tutorial, if you do not have a Microsoft account go to Microsoft website and create one for free.
Also, know that this option needs to be turned ON on all devices in order to work. So steps we will explain will have to be done on each device, if you already have some device logged in and connected to Microsoft account, you can skip setting it up.
Click on ⊞ WINDOWS and click on settings.
Then click on System.
Once you are in the system, on the left tabs find and click on Clipboard.If you are not logged in to your Microsoft account do so on the right panel by locating Sync across devices and click on sign in.
When you are signed in click on the option to turn it on.
One option is turned ON, you will be greeted with two choices, to copy everything from the clipboard automatically or to choose text which you want to sync and paste it with ⊞ WINDOWS + V. Choose whatever better suits your needs, and you are done.
Repeat these steps for other devices and you are done.
If you suddenly find the middle mouse button not working as you use it on your Windows 10 computer, then you’ve come to the right place as this post will provide some suggestions that can help you fix the issue.
This kind of problem can affect your experience in using your computer as the middle mouse button helps you in scrolling through long web pages and screens with a lot of data. So if that stops, you will end up using your keyboard instead which is kind of a hassle compared to using the middle mouse button.
It is possible that this problem could have something to do with either the hardware or software. To isolate the possibility of a hardware failure, you can try to connect the mouse to a different computer and see if it works just fine there or if it still has the same problem. If the mouse works properly on a different computer, then the issue is software-related. It is possible that a software update, especially gaming software, could have been misconfigured in a way that the middle button does not respond like it’s supposed to. To resolve the problem, you might want to try reinstalling or updating the mouse drivers or run the Hardware and Devices troubleshooter. You can also install OEM-specific mouse drivers or modify some entries in the Windows Registry.
Option 1 – Reinstall or update the Mouse driver
The problem may be caused by a corrupted or an outdated mouse driver. To fix it, you have to update or reinstall the mouse driver. How? Follow these steps:
Open the Devices Manager from the Win X Menu.
Then locate the Mouse and other pointing devices and right-click on the mouse driver to open the Properties.
After that, switch to the Driver tab and click on the Uninstall Device button.
Follow the screen option to completely uninstall it.
Finally, disconnect the mouse and plug it back in to reinstall the mouse driver.
Note: You can install a dedicated driver on your computer in case you have it or you could also look for it directly from the website of the manufacturer.
Option 2 – Try running the Hardware Troubleshooter
The next thing you can do to fix the problem is by running the Hardware Troubleshooter. Although it won’t make much of a difference, there’s still a possibility that it could automatically fix the problem with these function keys. To use it, refer to these steps:
The first thing you need to do is click on Start and then on the gear-like icon to pull up the window for Settings.
After opening Settings, look for the Update and Security option and select it.
From there, go to the Troubleshoot option located on the left-hand side of the list.
Next, select Hardware and Devices from the list and open the Troubleshooter and run it. Once it is doing its job, wait for it to complete the process and then restart the system.
After the system restarts, check if the problem’s now fixed. If not, refer to the next option given below.
Option 3 – Try to install OEM specific mouse drivers
Aside from updating or reinstalling the mouse drivers, you might also want to try installing OEM-specific mouse drivers. When you install Windows, it will use a generic driver for all its components. The disadvantage of generic drivers for the mouse is that it limits its functionality. In fact, some also configure the middle mouse button to respond to specific action which does not work without the correct drivers. In such cases, you need to visit the website of your computer’s manufacturers to download and install the latest drivers and then open the software and configure it the way it was before. Keep in mind that some OEMs also offer gestures, so you also have to check on that.
Option 4 – Try to modify some entries in the Registry
If a Windows Update is the one that caused the problem, you could correct it by making some modifications in the Registry but before you proceed, make sure that you create a System Restore point first.
Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run utility.
Then type “Regedit” in the field and hit Enter to open the Registry Editor.
Next, navigate to this registry path: HKEY_CURRENT_USERControl PanelDesktop
After that, double click on the “WheelScrollLines” entry on the right pane to open its Properties.
Now change its value data to “3” and exit the Registry Editor and then see if the issue with the middle mouse button is fixed or not.
A solid reason to switch to Mac from Windows PC is Mac OS. Based on Linux, offers more stability and better security than Windows but you will not be able to find a vast array of applications on it.
Even when Mac OS X (the first big one) was first introduced, it looked and felt like ages beyond Windows (Microsoft just recently made a slick and modern design with Windows 11). Under the hood, it turned out that the operating system itself is stable and incredibly fast & responsive. If you value stability and easiness of use, Mac OS is the Operating system for you.
Apple ecosystem
This one is easy, if you are already invested in apple devices like iPhone and iPad, having an apple computer is one step forward into the apple ecosystem and one more step into easy sharing of documents and data between devices.
Calendars, emails, photos, videos, documents, and many more can easily be shared and synched between devices with a single apple ID making workflows much easier than on other operating systems.
Development
Developers all around the world say that developing on Mac is much better and smoother than on PC, this has probably to do something with OS being based on Linux but whatever the case is, it is much smoother and it just feels better. Apple laptops are often the go-to choice of developers for a reason.
Also if you are in the development business for applications and services aimed at iPhone or iPod then there is no really another way than to be into the apple ecosystem and own apple hardware.
Professional software
A lot of professional-grade software exists for both the Windows platform and Mac OS but there is some software that exists exclusively for Apple hardware like Final Cut Pro or Logic Pro. Both applications are used by professionals and are industry-standard software.
Logic pro is used by industrial audio specialists all around the world and is used in professional studios. Final Cut Pro is also used worldwide by video editors and if you are specializing in any of these two fields Mac seems like a very reasonable platform since the software can not be found on Windows. These two are examples, there are other similar applications that are only available on Mac OS
Longevity
Apple hardware is made of high-quality materials and components and it is proven over time that it lasts longer than usual. There are iPhones out there that have 13 years and they are still working, G3 and G4 Macs that are still functional.
When buying Apple products they will outlive other ones if treated properly so in the end you could be saving money by purchasing them.
Hello and welcome to our Increasing Virtual Memory tutorial. Before trying to raise the quantity of virtual memory in your pc system, it's important to get a comprehension of its goal and use.
This leads to the constant use of high-performing tasks in addition to keeping multitasking capability.
The downside to this process is the fact that relatively, the HDD accesses information slower than a RAM module.
Taking into consideration its use in a computer program and how virtual memory works, there isn't any amount of virtual memory allocation.
The quantity of virtual memory to be defined for a unique computer program would be determined by the kinds of programs that are started and the quantity of multitasking done. The Microsoft Windows operating system yet does supply a recommended baseline memory based on the number of RAM installed and storage space of the HDD.
Virtual memory allocation really indicates the upsurge in how big the paging file is. This file provides the pc program with all the essential instructions on the best way to act once all the installed RAM has been allotted to the running applications. In both Microsoft Windows XP (all variants) and Windows Vista environments, the method to control the paging file size is basically the same. To increase the quantity of virtual memory:
Click on the Start menu and choose the "Control Panel" alternative. When the Control Panel window is started, choose the "Operation and Maintenance" class.
Click on the "System" choice to create the Device Properties Window.
Click the "Advanced" tab and choose the "Settings" button under Operation. In the Operation alternative window, select the "Change" button under the Virtual Memory class.
Choose the hard disk where the Windows operating system is now installed. That can be the same place where in fact the paging file will be saved.
Test on the checkbox for the "Custom Size" to enable you to determine the number of virtual memory you need to use for your device.
Click the "OK" button thrice to shut all of the windows. Click the Start button and restart your machine to enable the upsurge in the number of virtual memory to be finished.
In establishing the number of virtual memory, you'll have to place a maximum value along with an initial. It is suggested that both values be equivalent in order to achieve the finest performance on your pc system.
In case you don’t know, new support has been added by Microsoft to Windows 10 that now allows users to turn off or on the Mobile Hotspot remotely. The Mobile Hotspot feature, known earlier as “Virtual Networks”, was first introduced with the initial release of Windows 10. With this new feature to remotely turn on or off the Mobile Hotspot in Windows 10, users can just use the Bluetooth on their mobile phones to turn off or on the Mobile Hotspot even when their Windows 10 computers are out of their reach.
To turn off or on the Mobile Hotspot feature in your Windows 10 computer remotely, there are two options you can try. First, you can do it using the Windows 10 settings app or using the Registry Editor. To get started, refer to the following options.
Option 1 – Turn off or on the Mobile Hotspot remotely via Windows 10 Settings app
First, you need to open the Windows 10 Settings app and from there go to Network & Internet and then go to the Mobile Hotspot section.
After that, scroll down to the “Turn on remotely” section.
Once done, make sure that the toggle button is set to ON and that the Bluetooth of both devices is turned on and paired as well. This should enable the feature to turn on or off the mobile hotspot remotely.
Option 2 – Turn off or on the Mobile Hotspot remotely via Registry Editor
Before you get started with the second option, make sure that you create a System Restore point first. Once done, proceed to the following steps:
Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box and type “Regedit” in the field and then hit Enter to open the Registry Editor.
Next, navigate to this registry path: ComputerHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWcmSvcTethering
From there, look for the DWORD named “RemoteStartupDisabled” and set its Value data to be “0”. This will enable the feature that will allow you to remotely turn on or off the mobile hotspot in your Windows 10 computer. To disable it, just set its Value data to “1”.
Each year Steam makes a couple of large sales, and each year there are speculations and leaks on the date when the sale is going to happen and when it is starting. It seemed that Steam has become aware that these leaks will not stop and that store really cannot hide that kind of important date from the public so in the latest news Steam Purley has just given the date of this year's big winter sale.
Probably tired of even trying to hide it, Steam has released that this year's big Steam Winter sale is officially starting on December 22nd, 2021, and closing on January 5th, 2022. So if you have someone to buy a gift or just want to drop a few great games in your library at a low price this is the time when you should do it.
When we are working on our computer, we have tendencies to make it look and behave to our best needs and however, best suits us. The Internet has crawled into our lives and made itself a must-have in modern society, internet browsers as a crucial piece of software for viewing the web have also grown and made themselves to be more open for user settings and personalization, Chrome, one of the most popular browser has the option to open a specific set of pages one it is opened and that is what we will cover today in this tutorial.
No matter would you like to by default open some online store, maybe an email or news website, you can open each of them or all of them once Chrome is run, making your daily routine more enjoyable and stress-free.
The first thing, of course, is to start Chrome itself, once Chrome is up, click on three dots in the upper right corner of the Chrome window and select settings.When you are in settings, on the left side move toward the bottom until you run into a tab that says On Startup and click on it. On right, a new section will open, click on Open a specific page or set of pages.You will be presented with the option to add a new page by typing its URL or getting it from bookmarks or using a specific opened one. You can repeat this process until you have added all pages that you wish to be automatically opened once Chrome is opened for the first time.
BONUS:
If you have noticed right above the setting that we have used for opening a specific set of pages there is the option Continue where you left off, this option will open each page exactly where it was when Chrome was shut down letting you keep viewing where you have left off. This is useful if by any chance your battery ran out or you had to quickly turn the computer off for whatever reason.
Then click on System.
Once you are in the system, on the left tabs find and click on Clipboard.
If you are not logged in to your Microsoft account do so on the right panel by locating Sync across devices and click on sign in.
When you are signed in click on the option to turn it on.
One option is turned ON, you will be greeted with two choices, to copy everything from the clipboard automatically or to choose text which you want to sync and paste it with ⊞ WINDOWS + V. Choose whatever better suits your needs, and you are done.
Repeat these steps for other devices and you are done. 
Probably tired of even trying to hide it, Steam has released that this year's big Steam Winter sale is officially starting on December 22nd, 2021, and closing on January 5th, 2022. So if you have someone to buy a gift or just want to drop a few great games in your library at a low price this is the time when you should do it. 
When you are in settings, on the left side move toward the bottom until you run into a tab that says On Startup and click on it. On right, a new section will open, click on Open a specific page or set of pages.
You will be presented with the option to add a new page by typing its URL or getting it from bookmarks or using a specific opened one. You can repeat this process until you have added all pages that you wish to be automatically opened once Chrome is opened for the first time.
