Windows 10 won't upgrade to a newer version

TPM or Trusted Platform Module version 2.0 is a must-have if you plan on upgrading your system to Windows 11. So what exactly is TPM and do you have it?

What exactly is TPM?

TPM is a tamper-resistant hardware technology tasked with generating and storing encryption keys inside it for better PC security. It can be remotely used to authenticate hardware and software by utilizing a unique endorsement key placed into the hardware itself. This technology can be used for example in BitLocker inside Windows in order to have data on a hard drive encrypted so if the mentioned drive is connected to another computer it would not be able to be accessed since the encryption key is stored in the TPM module. Microsoft is pushing its agenda that Windows 11 must be and must feel like safety first OS which will protect user data and user information and requiring TPM means that each Windows 11 will be secure so no additional software patches will be required for an extra layer of security. Windows 11 will assume that each user has TPM encryption enabled and will be built upon that.

Do you have TPM on your computer?

If your computer or hardware has been purchased in 2016 or later there are very high chances that you already have the required technology to run Windows 11. Unfortunately, many gaming motherboards have not been placing TPM in their boards and you might not have it. Also, there is the option of you having it but it is turned off in motherboard settings making Windows unable to detect it. As you can clearly see there are a lot of scenarios around required tech and honestly it is a complete mess. But lucky for you there are ways to find out do you possess the needed module in order to make an upgrade. On your current computer on which you would like to make an upgrade in your current Windows OS press ⊞ WINDOWS + R to open the run dialog. Inside run dialog type in TPM.msc and press ENTER to open Trusted Platform Module Management on Local Computer. You will immediately receive information do you have the required module. If everything is fine, you are good to go, however, if it says that compatible TPM cannot be found there is a chance that either you do not have needed hardware or it might be turned off inside motherboard settings.

Check motherboard UEFI

If you have a newer motherboard but Windows utility cannot detect TPM there is a chance that it might be turned off directly on your board. In order to check this, you will have to boot up your PC into UEFI either by pressing the corresponding key when it is turned ON or from Windows reboot options. Once you are inside UEFI you need to find security options and see if there is an option to turn ON or enable TPM. Since every motherboard is different and has different UEFI software we cannot cover all of the permutations and the best we can do is hope that provided information is enough. You can also visit your motherboard manufacturer to see instructions for your specific case.

Conclusion

TPM itself is generally an OK idea and I can surely see good sides of it but there is this lurking feeling that generally, Microsoft is not really concerned about the security of our data and that the real requirement for this is trying to battle software piracy. I simply cannot trust company which introduced tons of telemetry tracking through ages and which has done everything in their power to battle non-legal use of their software. I do not promote piracy but I support free choice and besides, who can tell me what will happen if TPM malfunctions, will I lose all of my data forever? It is not so uncommon that TPM has malfunctioned in the past and it is only logical to presume it can do it again in the future but this time we will not have the choice not to use it, we will be forced into it.

If you encounter the MUP_FILE_SYSTEM Blue Screen error with a value of 0c00000103, then it indicates that the multiple UNC provider or MUP has got an invalid of unexpected data. This can lead to the fact that the MUP cannot channel a remote file system request to a network redirector, the UNC, or Universal Naming Convention provider. There are several ways you can fix the MUP_FILE_SYSTEM Blue Screen Error on your Windows 10 computer, you can try to check the hardware of your computer physically, update or rollback some device drivers, run the Driver Verifier Manager, remove any hardware you’ve installed recently or fix issues related to IRQ. Use the given options below as reference to fix the MUP_FILE_SYSTEM Blue Screen Error.

Option 1 – Try to physically check the hardware

The first thing you can do is to check the physical status of the hardware in your computer. You can clean the dust off the hardware components like the Network Card of the computer. You might want to use a small blower or you could also use a soft cloth and run the components gently. Make sure that you don’t damage any parts with moisture or cause harm to any circuits while you carry out this task.

Option 2 – Try to rollback, update several device drivers

You can try to roll back, update or disable certain device drivers on your computer to resolve the MUP_FILE_SYSTEM Blue Screen error.

• First, boot your computer into Safe Mode.
• After that, tap the Win + R keys to launch Run.
• Type in devmgmt.msc into the box and tap Enter or click OK to open the Device Manager.
• After that, a list of device drivers will be displayed. From there, look for the device drivers related to the Network Card, Chipset, Disk Drive, and the Graphics Drivers and any other driver related to MUP.sys and SwapBuffers.sys system files
• After that, right-click on each entry of the device drivers and select the “Update Device” option from the menu.
• Now follow the next on-screen instructions that appear and then restart your computer.
• After restarting your computer, check if the Stop error is now fixed.

Option 3 – Configure the Driver Verifier Manager

The Driver Verifier Manager is another tool in Windows that could help you fix driver-related issues. And so if you want to fix the MUP_FILE_SYSTEM Blue Screen error you need to use the Driver Verifier Manager:

• Type in the keyword “Verifier” in the Cortana search box to search for Verifier in Windows 10.
• After that, select the option “Create custom settings”.
• Make sure that you have checked everything except the options “DDI compliance checking” and “Randomized low resources simulation”.
• Next, select the option “Select driver names from a list” option.
• Afterward, you have to select all the drivers from any unofficial or third-party provider. To simply put it, you have to select all the drivers that are not supplied by Microsoft.
• Then click on the Finish button.
• Open Command Prompt as administrator and execute this command – verifier /querysettings
• The command you just executed will display the Driver Verifier settings so if you see any of the flags enabled boot your Windows 10 PC into Safe Mode.
• Open the Command Prompt as admin again and run this command – verifier /reset
• The command will reset the Driver Verifier. Once the process is done, restart your PC and check.

Option 4 – Try to disconnect or disable newly installed hardware

In this option, you will have to disable or remove the hardware you’ve just installed recently since external devices could be the one that’s causing the Blue Screen of Death error to appear. To do that, just disconnect any external device that’s connected to your computer physically and then check if it fixes the MUP_FILE_SYSTEM Blue Screen error.

Option 5 – Try fixing IRQ-related issues

The Stop error might have something to do with an issue related to IRQ. You can verify it by switching your PCI Cards around. Aside from that, you can also check if the IRQ2 is assigned to a COM Port that is unavailable at that time.

Option 6 – Run the Blue Screen Troubleshooter

The Blue Screen troubleshooter is a built-in tool in Windows 10 that helps users in fixing BSOD errors like MUP_FILE_SYSTEM. It can be found in the Settings Troubleshooters page. To use it, refer to these steps:

• Tap the Win + I keys to open the Settings panel.
• Then go to Update & Security > Troubleshoot.
• From there, look for the option called “Blue Screen” on your right-hand side and then click the “Run the troubleshooter” button to run the Blue Screen Troubleshooter and then follow the next on-screen options. Note that you might have to boot your PC into Safe Mode.

Option 7 – Perform a System Restore

Performing System Restore might help you in fixing the Blue Screen error. You can do this option either by booting into Safe Mode or in System Restore. If you are already in the Advanced Startup Options, just directly select System Restore and proceed with the next steps. And if you have just booted your PC into Safe Mode, refer to the steps below.

• Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box.
• After that, type in “sysdm.cpl” in the field and tap Enter.
• Next, go to the System Protection tab then click the System Restore button. This will open a new window where you have to select your preferred System Restore point.
• After that, follow the on-screen instructions to finish the process and then restart your computer and check if the problem is fixed or not.

What is Dnssd.dll Error Code?

Dnssd.dll is a type of dynamic link library. It is developed for Windows Operating System by Apple Computer Inc. The latest version of fnssd.dll is 3.0.0.10 used in Windows Vista.  This file also functions like a typical dynamic link library.  DDL files are small programs similar to executable files which are used by multiple programs to load and run properly. Dnssd.dll error occurs when the dnssd.dll file fails to function properly and load to run the desired application/program.  The error may occur most often during computer startup and program startup. The dnssd.dll error message may be displayed on your PC on either one of the following formats:

• "Dnssd.dll not found."
• "Dnssd.dll Access Violation."
• "Cannot register dnssd.dll."
• "The file dnssd.dll is missing."
• "Cannot find C:WindowsSystem32\dnssd.dll."
• "This application failed to start because dnssd.dll was not found. Re-installing the application may fix this problem."
• "Cannot start Bonjour. A required component is missing: dnssd.dll. Please install Bonjour again."

Solution

Error Causes

To narrow down the cause of the dnssd.dll error is difficult virtually because there are multiple reasons why this error occurs on your system. However, here are the most common causes for this error:

• Missing  Dnssd.dll file
• Corrupt and damaged Dnssd.dll file
• Invalid  dnssd.dll registry entry
• Viral Infection
• Improperly shutting down your PC
• Poor PC maintenance
• Broken registry keys
• Hardware failure
• Dnssd.dll file deleted when uninstalling another program

It is advisable to fix this error right away, as it can create many troublesome problems on your PC such as slow system performance, computer freeze up, blue screen of death errors, system failure, and crash.

Further Information and Manual Repair

Here are some of the best and easiest DIY solutions that you can try to resolve this issue on your PC without hiring a professional.

1. Use System Restore Function

Since this error largely indicates poor PC maintenance, it is advisable to use the System Restore function built-in Windows to resolve the Dnssd.dll file error. It will help you restore the system back to its previous healthy status. It can also help you get a fresh copy of damaged and corrupted files. Here’s what you need to do:

• Go to the start menu of Windows, type restore in the search box.
• Choose the option that says ‘choose a different restore point’ this presents customizable options for users.
• Here you will be presented with a list of restore points, choose the one that you believe has most likely caused the dnssd.dll error.
• Confirm your selection.

This will help resolve the error. Now restart to see changes made. If the error still persists then try other solutions given below.

2. Reinstall the Program Causing the Dnssd.dll Error to Pop Up

As dll files are shared files, there is a possibility that the file got deleted when you tried to uninstall a certain program. Therefore, if this is the reason, then try to reinstall the program that is causing the error message. By doing so, you can set up the dnssd.dll file again on your PC.

3. Scan for Viruses and Registry Issues

Other reasons for the error are associated with viral infection and registry issues. Therefore it is advisable to download software to scan for these issues and remove them from your PC. Viruses can also corrupt dll files. On the other hand, dll errors like Dnssd.dll can also occur if the registry is not cleaned frequently. The registry becomes corrupt due to the accumulation of invalid/wasted and irrelevant files. This also causes disk defragmentation and hard disk problems which can also lead to hardware failure and dll file damage and corruption. Now to repair it you can either download 2 different programs, an antivirus, and a registry cleaner, or you can install multi-functional and advanced software, Restoro. Downloading 2 separate programs can reduce your PC performance even furthermore. Therefore we recommend you opt for Restoro. This is a one-stop solution for all your PC problems. It includes multiple utilities like an antivirus that detects all malicious software including spyware, malware, adware, Trojans, and viruses. A powerful registry cleaner that resolves all registry issues, wipes out bad registry entries and repairs broken registry keys, damaged dll files like Dnssd.dll, and restores the registry back to its optimum health. This software also functions as a system optimizer that boosts the speed of your PC dramatically. It is safe, bug-free, and efficient. All PC issues are resolved in seconds in just a few clicks. It is user-friendly and compatible with all Windows versions. Click here to download Restoro and resolve the dnssd.dll file error right away!

Scammers have decided to target Windows’s 10 App installer process in order to infect your computer and steal your data. As in most usual online scams, everything starts with a strange email containing threats and other poorly written and composed speech. At the end of the given email, there would be a link claiming that you, of course, need to read it and follow instructions about the threat, if you click the link it will open a web page where you will have an innocent-looking PDF file with more information about the threat itself. If you click on a seemingly innocent PDF file it will summon Windows 10's AppInstaller.exe tool, kickstarting a download-and-run process that'll put you in a bad place very quickly. From there, you'll have to deal with the dangers of malware BazarBackdoor, including data and credential theft. This kind of scam is nothing new but the interesting thing here is that it uses App installer and by clicking on a link you are opening and giving permission for a malicious crook to use it. So, stay safe and do not click on any links from unknown emails no matter what.

Mapping network drive has many benefits in terms of speed and ease of access of files via network. It lets you access the hard drive over the whole network like it was the hard drive inside your PC case. In order to easily and quickly map a folder as a network drive follow the guide below.

1. Open File Explorer
2. Click on the three dots icon in the Toolbar
3. Select Map Network Drive
4. Click the Drive drop-down menu
5. Select a driver letter that you wish to assign as a network drive
6. In the folder field enter network device and share name (click on browse to see all devices on local network)
7. Check the box beside Reconnect at sign-in if you wish to automatically connect to a network drive on Windows startup
8. Check Connect Using Different Credentials if you wish to connect to a network drive using different credentials that one used to login into Windows.
9. Click Finish

After finishing setting Windows 11 will try to connect to the network drive and if successful drive icon will appear inside File Explorer and the drive will open up to see its content. If for any reason it cannot connect try checking user credentials, cables, network adapters, etc.

Minecraft has taken the world by the storm, it was an indie project game and it went mainstream. Dream of every game developer I guess. The dream of every gamer on the other hand is to double click on the game and to play it and not to deal with various issues, especially if they are launch issues. Luckily for all of you gamers, here at errortools we game as well and we are happy to bring you a solution on how to fix Minecraft won't launch issue. So sit back, relax and keep on reading, and hopefully enough you will be gaming again in no time. Follow the guide presented step by step, point by point how it is presented for the quickest way to get back in Minecraft. This guide also presumes that your hardware configurations meet at least the minimum system requirements for running Minecraft.

1. Disable antivirus and firewall

   90% of the time this is the issue why Minecraft is not working, your antivirus or firewall has detected it as a false positive, and access to system internet, etc has been cut. Try disabling it and if everything is working fine add it to the antivirus or the firewall exception list.

2. Run Minecraft as admin

   Minecraft will sometimes refuse to run if it does not has administrator privileges. To make sure this is the case locate the Minecraft executable, right-click on it and choose properties. Go to the compatibility tab and check Run as Administrator box.

3. End Minecraft process

   It came to knowledge that even if Minecraft is not running it can have its processes active in the background. Press CTRL + SHIFT + ESC to open task manager Locate if Minecraft has a process running If you find the Minecraft process right-click on it and choose End Task

4. Run Minecraft in compatibility mode

   If Minecraft still refuses to start try running it in compatibility mode in the previous Windows version Locate Minecraft executable file in its install location Right-click on it and choose properties In the properties, windows go to the compatibility tab Check run this program in compatibility mode for: Select previous version of the operating system, try Windows 8 or Windows 7

5. Update graphic card driver

   The best bet is to go to your GPU manufacturer's website and download the latest version of the driver of your GPU.

6. Remove mods, plugins, texture packs

   Mods, plugins, texture packs are all great but sometimes they can cause GPU overloads and other issues to see if this is the case try running Minecraft in Vannila mode without anything installed, just pure and clean Minecraft as it was just downloaded and installed.

7. Reinstall Minecraft

   If everything else failed, reinstall Minecraft. There might be a chance that some DLL file was deleted or corrupted by mistake or that some crucial files are missing. Clean reinstallation will fix all of these issues.

Error Fmod.dll - What is it?

This is a type of DLL error code. DLL is the abbreviation of Dynamic Link Library. DLL files contain small programs which are similar to executable files. One DLL file may be used to load and run several programs. Fmod.dll is created by Electronic Arts Inc. and associated with Crysis. This file is developed for the Windows OS. This error code occurs when you are unable to access, run and load programs supported by Crysis on your PC. Fmod.dll error code message is displayed in different formats such as:

• "Fmod_event.dll not found."
• "The file fmod_event.dll is missing."
• "This application failed to start because fmod_event.dll was not found. Re-installing the application may fix this problem."
• "Cannot start Crysis. A required component is missing: fmod_event.dll. Please install Crysis again."
• "Fmod_event.dll Access Violation."
• "Cannot register fmod_event.dll."
• "Cannot find C:\Windows\System32\fmod_event.dll."

Error Fmod.dll may pop up when you start-up or shut down the PC or even during the installation of a program.

Solution

Error Causes

Narrowing down to one cause for Fmod.dll error code is impossible virtually because this error may result due to different reasons on your system. Some of the common causes associated with this error code are:

• Viral Infection
• Hardware failure
• Missing, Corrupt, or Deleted Fmod.dll file
• Improper program installation
• Registry issues

No matter what the underlying cause of the reason may be, it is recommended to resolve the issue immediately to avoid serious PC threats.

Further Information and Manual Repair

To resolve this error on your system, try the methods discussed below:

Method 1 - Check the Recycle Bin

As mentioned above, Fmod.dll is a DLL file that is used to run and load a variety of programs on your system. There is a possibility that you uninstalled a program that was supported by the Fmod.dll file and accidentally deleted it. In such a scenario, the easiest way to resolve the Fmod.dll error code is to re-install the deleted file from the recycle bin. For this, go to the recycle bin and search for the file. If you find it reinstall if you can’t then simply download the Fmod.dll file from a reliable website.

Method 2 - Scan for Malware

Malware usually enters through phishing emails and downloads. These malicious programs then hide in your system disguising as either DLL or EXE files. The occurrence of fmod.dll file error may be due to malicious programs hiding in your system. Therefore scan your entire PC with a powerful anti-virus. An antivirus detects and removes all malicious software programs such as viruses, malware, Trojans, spyware, and adware. Try this, to resolve error code Fmod.dll and see the results.

Method 3 - Fix Hardware Problems

Fmod.dll file error may also pop on your screen due to hardware failure. If this is the reason, then we advise you to use the Device Manager an in-built tool in Windows 7 and 8 to fix hardware failures. For this go to the start menu then control panel. Now click on the ‘hardware and sound link’ and then click on the Device Manager. If you find any devices in red exclamation point, then this means this device is problematic. Uninstall the driver for that hardware device and then update the driver. Install the latest version to resolve. Remember, hardware problems are mostly related to outdated drivers.

Method 4 - Restore Points

Use System Restore, an in-built utility also known as the recovery tool, to restore points and ensure your PC is back to its previous working condition before the error code occurred. Simply put, it helps undo recent changes. You can find the System Restore tool in the System Tools folder.

Method 5 - Clean and Repair the Registry

The registry is that part of your PC that stores all the information, activities performed, and files including the junk files, invalid keys, bad entries, and cookies. When these files accumulate on your PC, they take up all the registry space and corrupt the important system and DLL files also stored in the registry, thereby generating such errors. Now you can clean the registry manually. But this process can be time-consuming and slightly technical, hence we advise you to download Restoro. This is a PC Fixer integrated with a registry cleaner. It is easy to use deployed with an intuitive interface. The registry cleaner scans the entire PC and removes all registry errors. It wipes out all the obsolete files and repairs the damaged DLL and system files. Click here to download Restoro.

Error Code 0xc00007b – What is it?

When error code 0xc00007b occurs in Windows 8, users are unable to run gaming or multimedia programs on their devices. The message box will occur stating that error code 0xc00007b is present. This issue is usually related to software conflict associated with the use of a gaming program that has errors. It may also result when users use applications that are not compatible with the version of Windows they have installed on their machine.

Solution

Error Causes

Error codes on Windows devices can result from many reasons, including lack of proper PC maintenance, the presence of malware, and issues related to servers. In the case of error code 0xc00007b, it manifests itself on various versions of the Windows operating system when users attempting to run applications incompatible with their system or use the incorrect bit location. To correct these issues that may be causing error code 0xc00007b, users will need to use manual repair methods listed in this article. Failure to rectify this error code could result in others such as error code 0xc0000142.

Further Information and Manual Repair

The manual repair procedures listed in this article do not require extensive technical knowledge. Thus, even average Windows users will be able to apply these solutions in order to fix error code 0xc00007b in Windows 8. However, in case of difficulty applying the solutions listed below, contact a Windows repair technician.

Method One: Install Windows Updates

One of the first manual repair methods you can attempt is to use Windows Update. This will enable users to access the latest updates for the version of Windows they have on their system. To update your system, follow the instructions below.

• Step one: Open Start Menu, then select Settings
• Step two: Select Update & security
• Step three: Select Windows Update
• Step four: Install updates if any are available

After you’ve completed the installation of the latest updates, reboot your machine then attempt to run the gaming application you were unable to open due to error code 0xc00007b. You should be able to run the application if Windows Update fixed the issue. However, if the error code reoccurs, proceed to the next manual repair method by installing Microsoft DirectX.

Method Two: Install Microsoft DirectX

Another important manual repair method relates to the use of DirectX, a free tool available to Windows users regardless of the version of the Windows operating system present on their PC. Visit Microsoft’s official website and search for DirectX End-User Runtime Web Installer. Ensure you access the latest version of the program, then click download.

The app enables Windows users to access high-speed gaming by providing a powerful platform for games and multimedia applications. Access to the latest version of DirectX can help users fix the issues causing error code 0xc00007b in Windows 8.

When the installation process is complete, reboot your PC, then proceed by checking if you are able to run your gaming applications. If you are still unable to run the applications the issue will need to be resolved via another manual repair method.

Method Three: Install Latest Version of .NET Framework

Access the latest version of Microsoft’s .NET Framework to complete the final manual repair method. Be sure to follow the steps listed below to download the latest version of the .NET framework. This is crucial as only the latest version of the framework is equipped with the necessary capabilities required to successfully address the issues causing error code 0xc00007b on your device.

• Step one: Open your favorite web browser
• Step two: Enter www.microsoft.com/net
• Step three: Click Downloads
• Step four: Select the latest version of the .NET Framework by clicking the framework at the top of the list. (Currently, the latest version is .NET Framework 4.6.2.)
• Step five: Select preferred language, then download
• Step six: Run software.

Restart your computer after you’ve downloaded the latest version of the .NET framework. Open the gaming application you were previously unable to run due to error code 0xc00007b.

You’ll be able to access all your gaming or multimedia programs if the issue was resolved via this manual repair method. Otherwise, you may need to reinstall the programs you are unable to run as there may be an issue with the program itself resulting in software conflict or the inability to run other gaming programs.

Method Four: Download an Automated Tool

If you wish to always have at your disposal a utility tool to fix these Windows 8 and other related issues when they do arise, download and install a powerful automated tool.

As you know, USB is now being widely used in all devices with USB A as the leading type with most devices based on it. Peripheral devices such as Pen Drives, External Hard disks, and many more also use a USB port. On the other hand, USB C is also coming up to be the next big standard in the computing world because of its high transfer speeds, wider compatibility as well as support for external Graphics Processing Units. However, just recently, USB 3.0 ports have been reported to cause the following error to pop up on Windows 10 computers every time a USB device is plugged in.

“Not enough USB controller resources. The controller does not have enough resources for this device.”

To fix this error, here are some guidelines you can check out. Make sure to follow them carefully.

Option 1 – Try to use a lower generation USB port

The first thing you can do is to try using a lower generation USB port as this issue mostly occurs when a device is connected to a USB 3,0 port. This means that you have to plug in your device to a USB 2.0 port and then see if it fixes the error or not. You can easily decipher a USB 3.0 port from a USB 2.0 port as the former is in blue.

Option 2 – Try to use a dock

You could also try to use a dock to resolve the error. Note that when too much power on laptops and notebooks are drawn from the USB ports and as a USB 3.0 port draws more power compared to a USB 2.0 port. Thus, if you plug in your USB storage device into a USB 2.0 port with the help of a dock, it should fix the problem.

Option 3 – Try disabling the xHCI Mode option in the BIOS

• First, boot your computer into the BIOS.
• Once your computer has booted, go to the Advanced tab.
• Next, make sure that the entry for “xHCI Pre-boot mode” is set to Disabled under the USB Configuration section.
• Now save the changes you’ve made and then restart your computer to Windows 10 and see if the error is now fixed.

Option 4 – Update or reinstall the Universal Serial Bus Controller driver

Since it could be a driver issue, you can try to update or reinstall the Universal Serial Bus Controller drivers using the Device Manager. Refer to the following steps:

• First, click the Start button and type “device manager”.
• Then click on the “Device Manager” from the search results to open it.
• From there, look for the “Universal Serial Bus controllers” option and then right click on each one of the USB drivers, especially the Generic USB Hub driver, and then select the Update Driver from the menu.
• Restart your PC and then click the “Search automatically for updated driver software” option.

Note: If updating the USB Controller drivers didn’t work, you can try to reinstall them instead.

Option 5 – Run the Hardware and Devices Troubleshooter

You could also run the Hardware and device Troubleshooter to try and fix the “Not enough USB controller resources” error.

• The first thing you need to do is click on Start and then on the gear-like icon to pull up the window for Settings.
• After opening Settings, look for the Update and Security option and select it.
• From there, go to the Troubleshoot option located on the left-hand side of the list.
• Next, select Hardware and Devices from the list and open the Troubleshooter and run it. Once it is doing its job, wait for it to complete the process and then restart the system.
• After the system restarts, check if the problem’s now fixed. If not, refer to the next option given below.

Often when we connect to the internet were browsing indexed pages through some well-known search engine, usually Google. But beneath the so-called normal internet lurks deep and dark web. You might have heard of the deep web and dark web if you have some geeky friends and we are here to explain what exactly is the deep and dark web. The first thing to know is that the deep and dark web is not the same thing and they coexist separately from one another, you could say that beneath the deep web lies the dark web, yet another layer of the internet. So let us explore first the deep web. What is exactly a deep web?

Deep web, hidden web, or invisible web

as sometimes referenced are part of worldwide web not indexed by search engines, meaning that engines do not basically see and index content of deep web sites. The content of the deep web is hidden behind HTTP forms and includes many very common uses such as webmail, online banking, private or otherwise restricted access social-media pages and profiles, some web forums that require registration for viewing content, and services that users must pay for, and which are protected by paywalls, such as video on demand and some online magazines and newspapers. The content of the deep web can be located and accessed by a direct URL or IP address but may require a password or other security access to get past public website pages. While it is not always possible to directly discover a specific web server's content so that it may be indexed, a site potentially can be accessed indirectly (due to computer vulnerabilities). To discover content on the web, search engines use web crawlers that follow hyperlinks through known protocol virtual port numbers. This technique is ideal for discovering content on the surface web but is often ineffective at finding deep web content. For example, these crawlers do not attempt to find dynamic pages that are the result of database queries due to the indeterminate number of queries that are possible. It has been noted that this can be (partially) overcome by providing links to query results, but this could unintentionally inflate the popularity of a member of the deep web.

Dark WEB

The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets: overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. Through the dark web, private computer networks can communicate and conduct business anonymously without divulging identifying information, such as a user's location. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the Web not indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term deep web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web. The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, popular networks such as Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle operated by public organizations and individuals. Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature. The Tor dark web or Onionland uses the traffic anonymization technique of onion routing under the network's top-level domain suffix .onion.

Dark & Deep WEB difference

The dark web has often been conflated with the deep web, the parts of the web not indexed (searchable) by search engines. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web but requires custom software in order to access its content. This confusion dates back to at least 2009. Since then, especially in reporting on Silk Road, the two terms have often been conflated, despite recommendations that they should be distinguished. Darknet websites are accessible only through networks such as Tor ("The Onion Routing" project) and I2P ("Invisible Internet Project"). Tor browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used among darknet users and can be identified by the domain ".onion". While Tor focuses on providing anonymous access to the Internet, I2P specializes in allowing anonymous hosting of websites. Identities and locations of darknet users stay anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the layered encryption system. The darknet encryption technology routes users' data through a large number of intermediate servers, which protects the users' identity and guarantees anonymity. The transmitted information can be decrypted only by a subsequent node in the scheme, which leads to the exit node. The complicated system makes it almost impossible to reproduce the node path and decrypt the information layer by layer. Due to the high level of encryption, websites are not able to track the geolocation and IP of their users, and users are not able to get this information about the host. Thus, communication between darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to talk, blog, and share files confidentially.

Darknet

The darknet is also used for illegal activity such as illegal trade, forums, and media exchange for pedophiles and terrorists. At the same time, traditional websites have created alternative accessibility for the Tor browser in an effort to connect with their users. ProPublica, for example, launched a new version of its website available exclusively to Tor users.