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Fix 0x0000007c (ERROR_INVALID_LEVEL) in W11

0x0000007c error inside Windows 11 is a printer error that is manifested when Windows users are trying to connect to a shared network remote printer. Error is displayed by the message:

Windows cannot connect to the printer. Operation failed with error 0x0000007c.

If you are experiencing this type of annoyance, fear now we are providing you with several solutions to this problem.

0x0000007c (ERROR_INVALID_LEVEL)Update Windows 11

  1. Open the Start menu, click on the settings app
  2. Select Windows update tab
  3. Click on Check for updates
  4. Click on Advanced options
  5. Inside select Optional updates
  6. If there are optional updates click on Download & Install

Run the printer troubleshooter

  1. Press ⊞ WINDOWS + I to open settings
  2. Click on Troubleshoot navigation on the system tab
  3. Select Other trouble-shooters
  4. Click on the Run for printer troubleshooter
  5. If the error is found click on Apply this fix

Restart the Print Spooler Service

  1. Right-click on the Start button
  2. Click on RUN
  3. Type in services.msc and press OK
  4. Right-click on Printer Spooler service and select Restart

Clear the Print Spooler

  1. Open services like in the previous step
  2. Right-click Print Spooler and select STOP
  3. Open File explorer
  4. Navigate to: C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\x64\3 (64-bit Platform)
    C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\W32X86\3 (32-bit Platform)
  5. Delete everything inside folders
  6. Go back to services, right-click on Print Spooler and select RESTART

Reinstall Driver for printer

  1. Right-click on Start and select device manager
  2. Double click on the Print queues category
  3. Right-click on the printer and select Uninstall device
  4. Click on Uninstall on prompt
  5. Right-click on the Print queues category and select Scan for hardware Changes

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Fix MSVCR71.dll is missing in Windows 10
The program can’t start because MSVCR71.dll is missing from your computer, Try reinstalling the program to fix this problem.
If by any chance you have encountered this error know that you are not alone and that this is a solvable error. In this guide, we will show you how to fix this error. Usually, the MSVCR71.dll missing error is met when a new application is installed. So let us dive right into it and solve it.
  1. Reinstall application

    If only a certain application is reporting this error, try reinstalling it, there is a high possibility that by some mistake application was not properly installed and corrupted or removed the MSVCR71.dll file. If this is the case, reinstallation will help.
  2. Check recycle bin

    like mentioned above, if the application has by mistake deleted the file, open recycle bin and try to locate it there. If this is the case, restore it from recycle bin and everything should be back in normal working conditions.
  3. Download a new version of the file

    If the previous 2 methods failed and you still get the missing error, try downloading the file from Microsoft and placing it in C:\Windows\SysWOW64
  4. Reinstall C++ redistributable

    Having an incorrect C++ redistributable package can be an issue of the problem, get the latest version from Microsoft and reinstall it.
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How to Fix Error Code 0xc0000001 on Windows 10

Error Code 0xc0000001 – What Is It?

Error code 0xc0000001 on Windows 10 has been reported by some users when attempting to install Windows 10. When you encounter this error, the setup will be in a loop and the error message will keep popping up.

Solution

Restoro box imageError Causes

If you encounter the error code 0xc0000001 while trying to install Windows 10, it most probably be due to corrupted installation file. However, it can also be caused by any of the following:”

  • Damaged SAM file
  • Damaged system files
  • File system integrity compromised
  • Damaged RAM

Further Information and Manual Repair

Here are some methods that will help you fix the error code 0xc0000001 while trying to install Windows 10. Do not perform these methods unless you’re absolutely confident you can do it properly. Otherwise, you might make things worse.

If you’re not that confident, consider seeking advice from a technical expert. If you can’t afford one, you may want to consider getting an automated software to fix the job.

Method 1: Convert drive/partition to GPT

If you need to manually wipe the drive and then convert it to GPT, follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Power down your computer and put your Windows 10 installation DVD or USB drive
  • Step 2: Boot your computer to the USB or DVD key in UEFI mode.
  • Step 3: Once you’re at the Windows 10 Setup, press the Shift+F10 keys. This will open the command prompt window.
  • Step 4: Open diskpart tool from CMD. Just type diskpart and enter.
  • Step 5: Then, type the list disk on CMD again. Press enter. This will allow you to identify your computer’s drive that you want to reformat.
  • Step 6: Choose the drive and reformat it by typing the following on the command prompt:

select disk <disk number> (press enter)

clean (press enter)

convert gpt (press enter)

exit (press enter)

  • Step 7: Proceed with the Windows 10 Setup installation.

Note: when you’re prompted to choose the installation type, make sure to choose Custom. Then, choose unallocated space and click Next. This will automatically start the installation of Windows 10.

Method 2: Use Media Creation Tool to Perform Automatic Repair

Automatic Repair is a Windows feature/utility that allows you to fix certain system problems preventing you from installing or starting Windows. It works by scanning your computer system for any potential problem and tries to fix it.

  • Step 1: Download the Media Creation Tool
  • Step 2: Boot your computer using the Windows 10 DVD, or the System Repair disc. When you’re asked to press any key to boot, just press any key on your keyboard.
  • Step 3: Choose the right time and the keyboard type.
  • Step 4: Click Repair your computer. You’ll see this in the lower-left corner of your screen.
  • Step 5: Choose Troubleshoot from Choose an option screen
  • Step 6: Click Advanced options
  • Step 7: Choose an automatic repair

This will automatically run the utility.

Method 3: Check Hardware Devices

Another possible reason why you are getting this error while installing Windows 10 is due to the connected external hard drives. To fix this, power down your computer. Afterward, unplug and remove all connected external hard drives. If you’re using USB device to install Windows 10, ensure your BIOS is set to boot your computer from the USB.

Method 4: Create New Copy of Windows 10 Installer

Another possible reason why you experience this error is that your copy of the Windows 10 installer is corrupted. To fix this, it’s better to create a new copy of the Windows 10 installer.

  • Step 1: Go to this link
  • Step 2: Click the Download tool now. Choose Run with admin privileges
  • Step 3: On What do you want to do? section, choose installation media for another PC. Click Next.
  • Step 4: Select edition, language, and architecture (32-bit or 64-bit).
  • Step 5: Choose the media you want to use. If you want to use a USB flash drive, make sure the device at least has 5GB of free space. If you’re using an ISO file, you need to save the file first on your computer and then burn the file to a DVD.

Method 5: Use a Powerful Automated Tool

If you still encounter these errors after performing the above methods, find a trustworthy automated tool. As long as the automated tool is powerful and reliable, it will help you fix this error.

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How to Unmerge the User folder in Windows 10
The Windows 10 system allows users to change the default location of the User folders to another drive. This is probably to make sure that the files stay safe in case the system suddenly crashes. However, in some cases, while changing the path to another drive, for instance, the D drive or any folder, the Windows system recognized it as a hard drive as well so even though the files will be saved on that folder, it will appear as a hard drive in the Windows Explorer or look merged with another folder. It could also be that you had dragged and dropped a user folder to another user folder by accident. So if you’re wondering how you can unmerge the User folders, read on as this post will guide you on how exactly you can do that. Take note that even if you try to use the File History to restore the User folders, it still won’t work and you won’t be able to move them back to their previous locations nor restore the folders back to their previous versions and it would only state that they are not available. In the instructions given below, we are using the Downloads folder as an example.
  • Step 1: Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box.
  • Step 2: Next, type “Regedit” in the field and hit Enter to open the Registry Editor.
  • Step 3: After opening the Registry Editor, navigate to the following registry key:
ComputerHKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerUser Shell Folders
  • Step 4: Then double-click on the multi-string value {374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B} located in the right hand pane. And in the Value Data, copy and paste the following value:
%USERPROFILE%Downloads
  • Step 5: Now click OK and close the Registry Editor.
Note: Look close enough and you’ll see that the multi-string values belong to each one of the folders. From there, you have a Desktop, Favorites, Skydrive, Music, Pictures, and many more.
  • Step 6: Restart your computer. After that, the operating system will pick up the new folder location during the startup. Here are the values for the other folders:
Music – {1CF1260C-4DD0-4ebb-811F-33C572699FDE} Pictures – {3ADD1653-EB32-4cb0-BBD7-DFA0ABB5ACCA} Videos – {A0953C92-50DC-43bf-BE83-3742FED03C9C} Documents – {A8CDFF1C-4878-43be-B5FD-F8091C1C60D0} Desktop – {B4BFCC3A-DB2C-424C-B029-7FE99A87C641}
  • Step 7: Now all you have to do is to change the location correctly. Start by tapping the Win + E keys to open the Windows File Explorer.
  • Step 8: After that, right-click on the Downloads folder located in the right-hand pane.
  • Step 9: Then click on Properties and go to the Location tab then type “D:\Downloads” in the location box.
  • Step 10: Click the Apply button and then the OK button to save the changes made. Doing so would ensure that not only the Downloads folder is restored but also that it does not stay merged to another folder or appear as a drive.
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Fixing DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL Stop Error on Windows 10
If you’ve been using your Windows 10 PC for a long time now, you might have come across a couple of issues – from minimal ones to critical ones like the Blue Screen of Death or BSOD stop errors. One of these BSOD errors you can encounter is the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL Blue Screen error. This particular BSOD error is caused by iaStorA.sys, iaisp64 sys, Netwtw04.sys, nvlddmkm.sys, ndis.sys, wrUrlFlt.sys, and other driver files on Windows 10. This error indicates that a kernel-mode driver tried to access pageable memory at a process IRQL that was too high. When you encounter this error, just like a typical BSOD error, your computer will abruptly stop and you will see a blue screen with an error message saying:
“Your PC ran into a problem and needs to restart. We’re just collecting some error info, and then we’ll restart for you. (100% complete) If you’d like to know more, you can search online later for this error: DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (wrUrlFlt.sys)”
The iaStorA.sys file is a software component that’s related to the Intel Rapid Storage Technology by Intel. It is a software solution supported by Intel Smart Response Technology which allows the PC to communicate with the hardware as well as externally connected devices. The Intel Rapid Storage Technology enables the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express or PCIe storage support, serial ATA RAID or Redundant Array of Independent Disks 0, 1, 5, and 10 support, and the PUIS or power-up in standby is also supported. To resolve this kind of BSOD error, you have to update, roll back or fresh-install the problematic driver. Refer to the options laid out below for detailed instructions.

Option 1 – Try removing the Intel Rapid Storage Technology or IRST drivers

The first thing you can try is to fix the Wi-Fi driver or the Ethernet driver on your computer to resolve the BSOD error. Take note that this option works not only on Windows 10 but also other Windows versions.
  • Tap the Win + R keys on your keyboard to open the Run dialog box.
  • After that, type “devmgmt.msc” in the field and hit Enter or click OK to open the Device Manager.
  • After opening the Device Manager, click on the “IDE ATA/ATAPI Controller” entry and expand it.
  • Next, right-click on all the driver entries that are appropriately labeled, and then click on Uninstall device.
  • Now restart your PC and check if the problem’s fixed or not. If not, proceed to the next given option below.

Option 2 – Try updating the Intel Rapid Storage Technology or IRST drivers

If you’ve already tried uninstalling the IRST driver but you’re still getting the DRIVER IRQL NOT LESS OR EQUAL Blue Screen error when you use your Windows 10 PC, then this means that the drivers might be corrupted or not compatible with the operating system version that you are using right now. So to fix the problem, you have to update your drivers. To do that, follow the steps below.
  • The first thing you need to do is to go to your OEM’s website.
  • Once you’re already on the OEM’s website, go to the Drivers section and get the latest version for your device and then try to overwrite it.
Alternatively, you can also update the drivers via the Device Manager:
  • Tap the Win + R keys on your keyboard to open the Run dialog box.
  • After that, type “devmgmt.msc” in the field and hit Enter or click OK to open the Device Manager.
  • After opening the Device Manager, click on the “IDE ATA/ATAPI Controller” entry and expand it.
  • Next, right-click on all the driver entries that are appropriately labeled, and then click the Update driver option.
  • Now restart your PC and check if the BSOD error is fixed or not.

Option 3 – Try using the System File Checker via Command Prompt

System File Checker or SFC is a built-in command utility that helps in restoring corrupted files as well as missing files. It replaces bad and corrupted system files to good system files that might be causing the DRIVER IRQL NOT LESS OR EQUAL Blue Screen error. To run the SFC command, follow the steps given below.
  • Tap Win + R to launch Run.
  • Type in cmd in the field and tap Enter.
  • After opening Command Prompt, type in sfc /scannow
The command will start a system scan which will take a few whiles before it finishes. Once it’s done, you could get the following results:
  1. Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.
  2. Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired them.
  3. Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them.
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Fix cannot open IPv4 Properties in Windows 10
Many Windows 10 users often change the IP addresses of their computers’ network adapter in order to connect to the internet or network they belong to in times when there is no automatic connection for their computers. In most cases, access to modifying this setting is restricted for some odd reason even if you are an administrator. So if you are one of the users whose Windows 10 VPN IPv4 Properties are not working, this post can help you remedy that so that you can open and edit the IPv4 Properties on your Windows 10 PC. The common way to change IP settings is by going to Settings > Network and then to Internet > Change adapter options > Select Network adapter > right click and open Properties. From there, you can select TCP/IP 4 and modify it. If you aren’t able to do this, refer to the instructions laid out below to troubleshoot the problem in accessing the IPv4 Properties.

Option 1 – Try using PowerShell to manually set the IPv4 properties

As you are not able to set it using the interface, you can do so using PowerShell instead. Note that this option will only work for you if you run PowerShell with administrator privileges. After opening PowerShell, according to many users, you have to run the this command – set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias “Ethernet” -ServerAddresses xxx.xx.xxx.xxx,x.x.x.x,xxx.xx.xxx.xxx,x.x.x.x Usually, Ethernet is the name of your network adapter which is set by default. If you want to see the actual name of your network adapter, you can just type this command and tap Enter after doing so – Get-NetAdapter -physical | where status -eq 'up' After entering the given command, you will see a list of active Ethernet adapter in your computer as you can see on the image above. Note that the 4 sets of X like the one on the image below should match with the sequence:

Option 2 – Try editing the rasphone.pbk files

The rasphone.pbk files stores property for the connections and since you are not able to access the IPv4 properties, it is most likely that it has been disabled here. The good thing is that you can open these files and edit them using Notepad. Refer to the steps below to do so.
  • Open the Windows Explorer and then enable the show hidden files option.
  • After that, look for the files at this location – C:Users <username>AppDataRoamingMicrosoftNetworkConnectionsPbk_hiddenPbkrasphone.pbk
  • Then right-click on it and select the “Open with” option and choose the Notepad app.
  • After opening the file, look for “IpPrioritizeRemote” from the long list.
  • Once you found it, set its value from “1” to “0”.
  • After that, look for “IPInterfaceMetric” and set its value to “1” and tap Ctrl + S to save the changes you’ve made, and then exit and try accessing the IPv4 properties again. It should work, but if you’re still unable to access it, try the next option below.

Option 3 – Enable the Split Tunneling if you use VPN

All data goes back and forth when you are using a VPN service on your computer. And since you are using VPN, it could be that it disables the IPv4 interface. If that’s the case, you need to stay connected with both the local network and VPN and to do so, you have to enable Split Tunneling. How? Follow these steps:
  • Open PowerShell with administrator privileges.
  • Next, type in “Get-VpnConnection” and tap Enter. After doing so, it will give you the exact name of your VPN.
  • After that, type in “Set-VpnConnection -Name “yourVPNName” -SplitTunneling $True” and tap Enter. Once you enter the command, it will free your IPv5 settings so that you can change it to connect with your local network if you prefer it to.
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Malware Guide: How to Remove WidgiToolbar

What is WidgiToolbar?

The WidgiToolbar is an unscrupulous application designed to advertise other applications as a part of a bundle, steal financial information and penetrate the security of a computer system, making it open to other threats. In most cases, WidgiToolbar claims to center its installs on toolbars but that’s not always the case. Technical details about WidgiToolbar Malware include:
Digital Publisher: GreenTree Applications srl Product Version: YTD Video Downloader 4.8.9.7 Original File Name: YTDStub.exe Entry Point:  0x0000323C

Assessment of WidgiToolbar

Created by GreenTree Applications/ Spigot Inc., the WidgiToolbar is a list of nested toolbars. This application was in fact a bundle, installing several other applications upon installation. For this installation, WidgiToolbar installed only the YouTube Downloader toolbar and several other applications. Thereafter, the application appeared pretty harmless but is intended on distributing advertisements over the user’s computer, often without the user’s discretion. It’s all in the ads. Additionally, based on evaluations made by Security Analysts, the WidgiToolbar application is used for extracting personal and financial information from a user’s computer system. Financial information encapsulates banking and credit card details. Your passwords and other highly confidential information might be detected by the WidgiToolbar application if care is not taken. Overall, the WidgiToolbar installs and collects information from your computer system without your knowledge and permission. Furthermore, WidgiToolbar leaves a computer system vulnerable and susceptible to other threats and malware. The application is known for opening a portal or door into your computer system. This implies that other software can be installed on your computer via this avenue, once again without your knowledge. Responsible for wreaking havoc on your computer, it’s then pertinent that you remove it altogether. Manually removing the WidgiToolbar is not an option. Why? A manual removal procedure will not be able to remove the software in its entirety. An automated tool is the best option. Like all other programs offered as a bundle, several other programs were installed. These include:
  1. MS Build
  2. Reference Assemblies
  3. PRO PC Cleaner
Soon after the installation of WidgiToolbar was completed, there were a total of four (4) new applications installed on the computer. These were all found in the computer's Local Drive. After WidgiToolbar was installed, the application attempted to change the default search provider to search.yahoo.com. This was a clear indication that this was a promotion to get more Internet users to use the Yahoo search engine.

Why Use Spyhunter to Remove WidgiToolbar?

As a result of its nature, the WidgiToolbar is difficult to remove. You might be able to remove other programs that were manually installed within the bundle, but to remove WidgiToolbar completely; an automated tool is a necessity. This is to ensure that specific registry keys installed by WidgiToolbar are found and removed. To completely remove WidgiToolbar from your computer, click here to download and install Spyhunter. After a scan was done with Spyhunter, there were 330 threats detected. Spyhunter was able to remove all 330 threats with ease and success.
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There was a problem resetting your PC
If you’ve tried resetting your Windows 10 computer using the Reset This PC option in order to restore your computer’s factory settings and the process suddenly fails for some reason and you got an error message instead stating, “There was a problem resetting your PC, No changes were made on your Windows 10 computer”, then this post might help you resolve the problem. Carefully follow each one of the options given below to resolve the “There was a problem resetting your PC error on Windows 10.

Option 1 – Try renaming the System and Software hive

  • If you’re still able to boot to the desktop of your Windows 10 PC, open an elevated Command Prompt from the WinX menu.
  • Now use the CD command and change the directory to Windows\System32\config folder. Simply type in the following command and hit Enter:
cd %windir%system32config
  • After that, you have to rename the System and Software registry hives to “System.001” and “Software.001”, respectively. To do that, just type each one of the following commands and hit Enter after you type each of them.
    • ren system system.001
    • ren software software.001
On the other hand, if your Windows 10 PC isn’t able to boot to the desktop, you can just access Command Prompt from the Advanced Startup options or you can also boot into Sage Mode and open Command Prompt from there and then run the given commands above. Note: If you only want to use the Refresh your PC option, you must only rename System hive and not Software hive. On the other hand, if the Software hive is really corrupted, you might not be able to use the Refresh your PC option in such a case. Thus, you really need to rename the Software hive as well. Once you’ve renamed the Software hive, you won’t be able to use the Refresh your PC option but only the Reset your PC option.
  • Type “exit” to close the Command Prompt and then restart your PC and try resetting your PC again.

Option 2 – Try to disable and re-enable the Windows Recovery Environment

If the first option didn’t help, you can try disabling the Windows Recovery Environment and then enable it back again. To configure a Windows Recovery Environment or Windows RE boot image and recovery options, you have to use the REAgentC.exe tool.
  • Tap the Win + S key and type “REAgentC.exe” to open the REAgentC.exe tool.
  • After that, type the following command and hit Enter to disable the Windows RE:
reagentc /disable
  • After disabling the Windows RE, you need to enable it back by typing the following command:
reagentc /enable

Option 3 – Try to boot the USB recovery drive

If the two previous options failed, you need to try another workaround which is to boot to the USB recovery drive > Troubleshoot > Recover from a drive. From there, follow the on-screen instructions and you should be good to go.
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How to Fix Error Code 0x8007007B on Your PC

Error Code 0x8007007B (Code 0x8007007B) – What is it?

Error code 0x8007007B (Code 0x8007007B) is an error that occurs when you attempt to activate Windows 10, as well as Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows Server 2012.

Common symptoms include:

  • You will see an error message like this: “Error 0x8007007B 'The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect”.
  • If you are using volume-licensed media to install: Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Vista Business, Windows Vista Enterprise, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows 10.
  • Your computer is not connecting the activation wizard to a Key Management Service (KMS) host computer.

Solution

Restoro box imageFurther Information and Manual Repair

Error Code 0x8007007B usually occurs when a product key has been activated too many times. Blocking activation aids in avoiding abuse of the key. If abuse of the key is not the case, it is possible to get the key reset, or you may receive a new key altogether. When you are not sure that you can complete these methods yourself, as they do contain advanced steps, it would be wise to consult a computer repair technician to avoid making the problem any worse.

Generally, the solution can be simple; it is just dependent on how comfortable you are with getting technical in your computer. Volume licensed media means that the media has a preset number of times that it is allowed to be activated. This helps to avoid misuse of the product. Some people install the Windows 10 program multiple times on their computer if they are software developers or do certain types of software testing. It is important to know the cause in order to effectively find the solution.

Method One:

  1. From the desktop screen, press the Windows key and S, type “Command Prompt”. Then, right-click on Command Prompt in the results. Select Run as Administrator.  Click Yes when asked about requesting permission.
  2. In the Command Prompt box, enter the command: slmgr.vbs -ipk xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx
  3. The x's represent the product key. Replace these with your unique product key.
  4. Type in the following command into the “Command Prompt” window: slmgr.vbs -ato
  5. Click Enter
  6. Restart your computer and try to activate windows again. It should not show the error code anymore.

Method Two:

  1. While on the desktop, press the Windows key and R.
  2. A window saying Run should open.
  3. Type in the following command: Slui 3
  4. Press ENTER and a window should appear.
  5. This window asks for you to enter the operating system activation product key.
  6. Enter this key in the space provided.
  7. After entering this, click Activate.
  8. Restart your computer now.
  9. Check for activation. The Error code should be gone now.

Method Three:

  1. Open the Command Prompt with access as administrator just as in Method One, and enter the following command: sfc /scannow
  2. The command will complete the tasks. This will take some time so just let the computer do its thing and work. Let the sfc finish the scan.
  3. When the scan is complete, restart the computer.
  4. Check for the activation. The error code should be gone at this point.
  5. If it is gone, revisit Method One or move on the Method Four.

Method Four:

Call the Microsoft Support Team and explain the problem in as much detail as you can give. Give the team the error code 0x8007007B and ask to have a different product key. When they give you the new product key, repeat Method 2. The Microsoft Support Team will either change your product key, or they will reset your current product key so that it can be used for activation again.

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Explanation of deep and dark WEB
Often when we connect to the internet were browsing indexed pages through some well-known search engine, usually Google. But beneath the so-called normal internet lurks deep and dark web. You might have heard of the deep web and dark web if you have some geeky friends and we are here to explain what exactly is the deep and dark web. The first thing to know is that the deep and dark web is not the same thing and they coexist separately from one another, you could say that beneath the deep web lies the dark web, yet another layer of the internet. So let us explore first the deep web. What is exactly a deep web?

Deep web, hidden web, or invisible web

as sometimes referenced are part of worldwide web not indexed by search engines, meaning that engines do not basically see and index content of deep web sites. The content of the deep web is hidden behind HTTP forms and includes many very common uses such as webmail, online banking, private or otherwise restricted access social-media pages and profiles, some web forums that require registration for viewing content, and services that users must pay for, and which are protected by paywalls, such as video on demand and some online magazines and newspapers. The content of the deep web can be located and accessed by a direct URL or IP address but may require a password or other security access to get past public website pages. While it is not always possible to directly discover a specific web server's content so that it may be indexed, a site potentially can be accessed indirectly (due to computer vulnerabilities). To discover content on the web, search engines use web crawlers that follow hyperlinks through known protocol virtual port numbers. This technique is ideal for discovering content on the surface web but is often ineffective at finding deep web content. For example, these crawlers do not attempt to find dynamic pages that are the result of database queries due to the indeterminate number of queries that are possible. It has been noted that this can be (partially) overcome by providing links to query results, but this could unintentionally inflate the popularity of a member of the deep web.

Dark WEB

The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets: overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. Through the dark web, private computer networks can communicate and conduct business anonymously without divulging identifying information, such as a user's location. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the Web not indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term deep web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web. The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, popular networks such as Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle operated by public organizations and individuals. Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature. The Tor dark web or Onionland uses the traffic anonymization technique of onion routing under the network's top-level domain suffix .onion.

Dark & Deep WEB difference

The dark web has often been conflated with the deep web, the parts of the web not indexed (searchable) by search engines. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web but requires custom software in order to access its content. This confusion dates back to at least 2009. Since then, especially in reporting on Silk Road, the two terms have often been conflated, despite recommendations that they should be distinguished. Darknet websites are accessible only through networks such as Tor ("The Onion Routing" project) and I2P ("Invisible Internet Project"). Tor browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used among darknet users and can be identified by the domain ".onion". While Tor focuses on providing anonymous access to the Internet, I2P specializes in allowing anonymous hosting of websites. Identities and locations of darknet users stay anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the layered encryption system. The darknet encryption technology routes users' data through a large number of intermediate servers, which protects the users' identity and guarantees anonymity. The transmitted information can be decrypted only by a subsequent node in the scheme, which leads to the exit node. The complicated system makes it almost impossible to reproduce the node path and decrypt the information layer by layer. Due to the high level of encryption, websites are not able to track the geolocation and IP of their users, and users are not able to get this information about the host. Thus, communication between darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to talk, blog, and share files confidentially.

Darknet

The darknet is also used for illegal activity such as illegal trade, forums, and media exchange for pedophiles and terrorists. At the same time, traditional websites have created alternative accessibility for the Tor browser in an effort to connect with their users. ProPublica, for example, launched a new version of its website available exclusively to Tor users.
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A Guide to Fixing Error Code 39

Code 39 - What is it?

Code 39 is a device driver error code that pops up when the Windows operating system cannot load the driver for the hardware you want to use.

This hampers your ability to use the hardware properly. The error code is almost always presented in the following format:

“Windows cannot load the device driver for this hardware. The driver may be corrupted or missing.” Code 39

Error Causes

A device driver is a software program that tells the operating system how to control a particular hardware device. Each hardware device has a different driver.

There are separate device drivers for printers, CD-ROM readers, and keyboards, to name a few.

Many device drivers are already built into the operating system. But sometimes you will need to install a new device driver when you want to use a new piece of hardware device that the operating system is not familiar with, or does not anticipate.

Regardless of whether or not the drivers are already integrated into the operating system, you may still experience code 39, typically because of the corrupted or outdated drivers.

Outdated and corrupted drivers cause hardware malfunction and failure, which trigger device driver error codes like code 39. Other causes include incorrect registry values.

Further Information and Manual Repair

Below are some of the easiest and most effective methods to resolve Device Manager error code 39 on your PC.

To follow and implement these methods, you don’t require any technical knowledge or expertise. Simply follow these instructions to fix the error right away.

Method 1 - Fix with a Simple Reboot

There is a possibility that the error code 39 is caused by some fluke within the Device Manager or your BIOS.

If that’s the reason, then a simple PC reboot can resolve the issue immediately. Therefore, before you try anything, it is advisable to restart your system.

If it works, then that is great, but if it doesn’t, then don’t worry, try other methods given below to fix this problem successfully.

Method 2 - Uninstall and Reinstall Drivers

If the error code 39 is generated due to faulty or outdated drivers, then simply uninstall and remove them and then reinstall new driver versions. There are two ways to remove faulty drivers.

Method One

  • One is, to go to the start menu, click on Control Panel, and then Add/Remove Programs.
  • Remove the program and the driver you think is causing problems. This will thoroughly remove all traces of the faulty driver.
  • To reinstall, follow the same steps but this time install the new device driver version.

Method Two

  • The other way is to go to the start menu, type Device Manager in the search bar, and then press enter to continue.
  • In the Device Manager, find and locate the problematic device.
  • After that, double-click the category of device that you wish to uninstall. Let’s say, Windows is unable to load the graphics card driver.
  • This means you will have to click on the Display Adapter category in the Device Manager to uninstall the graphics card.
  • After you have successfully uninstalled, Windows will prompt you to confirm device removal.
  • Simply click OK to confirm and proceed. To activate the changes, restart your PC.
  • To reinstall, go to the Device Manager, click on the Action tab and then select the option ‘Scan for Hardware Changes.’

This method, although effective in resolving error code 39,  can be time-consuming. To avoid the hassle and save time, try method 3.

Method 3 - Update Drivers Automatically with DRIVERFIX

If you would like to read more helpful articles and tips about various software and hardware visit errortools.com daily.
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