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How to Fix the Error Code 28

Error Code 28- What is it?

The error code 28 is a driver error. This is one of the many device manager error codes. When this error occurs on your computer, the following message is displayed:

“The drivers for this device are not installed. (Code 28)”

Another driver device error message you might encounter is error code 41. 

Error Causes

Error 28 occurs because of unsuccessful device driver installation. This usually happens when you try to update new drive versions on your system. It is advisable to repair this error right away as it can hamper your ability to use certain hardware.

For example, if error 28 occurs due to the unsuccessful installation of the USB driver, then it if not fixed and resolved it may prevent you from using hardware devices.

Unsuccessful driver installation means you either didn’t install it properly or your computer has registry issues. If it’s the registry then you must fix it without any delay because it can expose your PC to serious threats like system crash and failure.

To avoid such inconvenience, repair it.

Further Information and Manual Repair

When it comes to repairing the error code 28, here’s what you can do:

Simply go to the control panel and click on the Device Manager option:

  • In the details pane with the list of devices, locate the device for which you want to reinstall the driver software.
  • Double click on it to open the properties dialog box.
  • Now click on the driver tab and then click update driver.

After updating, try using that device again if it doesn’t work and shows the error code 28 on your computer screen then this means the underlying cause is the registry.

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Fix ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY
This post will help you fix the ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY Blue Screen issue with an error code 0x000000BE. If you encounter this kind of BSOD error when you try to boot into your Windows 10 computer, note that there are various possible causes for this error. It could be caused by an error with a device driver, hardware issues, or some error in the BIOS of your computer. The ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY Blue Screen error with a bug check of 0x000000BE appears when a driver tries to write a read-only memory segment. You’ll be able to see the name of the driver in the Blue Screen error if the driver that’s causing the error can be identified. You can also see it in memory at the location (PUNICODE_STRING) KiBugCheckDriver. In most cases, this kind of error is usually caused by various files such as iusb3hub.sys, ntkrnlpa exe or vhdmp.sys, ntoskrnl.exe, ntfs.sys, dxgkrnl.sys, tcpip.sys, atikmdag.sys, and win32k.sys. There are several possible fixes you can try to fix this issue but the main issue lies within booting into Windows since the error occurs as soon as you boot into your Windows 10 computer. Refer to each one of the options provided below to resolve the ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY Blue Screen error.

Option 1 – Try to rollback, update or disable drivers

The first thing you can do to fix the ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY Stop error is to roll back, or update, or disable device drivers. It is most likely that after you updated your Windows computer that your driver also needs a refresh. On the other hand, if you have just updated your device drivers then you need to roll back the drivers to their previous versions. Whichever applies to you, refer to the steps below.
  • Open the Devices Manager from the Win X Menu.
  • Then locate the device drivers and right-click on them to open the Properties.
  • After that, switch to the Driver tab and click on the Uninstall Device button.
  • Follow the screen option to completely uninstall it.
  • Finally, restart your computer. It will just reinstall the device drivers automatically.
Note: You can install a dedicated driver on your computer in case you have it or you could also look for it directly from the website of the manufacturer.

Option 2 – Try running the Memory Diagnostic Tool

The Memory Diagnostic tool in windows can help resolve the ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY Blue Screen error by checking and automatically fixing any memory-based issues. To run it, refer to these steps:
  • Tap the Win + R keys to open Run and type exe and hit Enter to open the Windows Memory Diagnostic Tool.
  • After that, it will give two options such as:
    • Restart now and check for problems (Recommended)
    • Check for problems the next time I start my computer
  • Once your computer has restarted, perform a basic scan or you could also go for the “Advanced” options such as “Test mix” or “Pass count”. Simply tap the F10 key to start the test.
Note: After you select your preferred option, your computer will restart and check for memory-based issues. If it finds any issues, it will automatically fix them and if there’s no issue found, then it’s most likely not a memory-based issue so you should try the other options given below.

Option 3 – Try to update the BIOS

Updating the BIOS can help you fix the ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY BSOD error but as you know, BIOS is a sensitive part of a computer. Even though it is a software component, the functioning of the hardware depends on it largely. Thus, you must be careful when modifying something in the BIOS. So if you don’t know much about it, it’s best if you skip on this option and try the other ones instead. However, if you are well-versed in navigating the BIOS, then follow the steps below.
  • Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box.
  • Next, type “msinfo32” in the field and press Enter to open System Information.
  • From there, you should find a search field on the bottom where you have to search for the BIOS version and then press Enter.
  • After that, you should see the developer and version of the BIOS installed on your PC.
  • Go to your manufacturer’s website and then download the latest version of BIOS on your computer.
  • If you are using a laptop, make sure that you keep it plugged in until you have updated the BIOS.
  • Now double click on the downloaded file and install the new BIOS version on your computer.
  • Now restart your computer to apply the changes made.

Option 4 – Try disabling BIOS Memory Options

Disabling the BIOS Memory options such as Caching and Shadowing can help you in fixing the ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY Stop error. All you have to do is enter the BIOS first and then use the Arrow and Enter keys to select your choices. And if you can’t seem to find it, look for specific instructions from your OEM or you could also look out for instructions from the manufacturer of your motherboard.

Option 5 – Try running the Blue Screen Troubleshooter

The Blue Screen troubleshooter is a built-in tool in Windows 10 that helps users in fixing BSOD errors like ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY. It can be found on the Settings Troubleshooters page. To use it, refer to these steps:
  • Tap the Win + I keys to open the Settings panel.
  • Then go to Update & Security > Troubleshoot.
  • From there, look for the option called “Blue Screen” on your right-hand side and then click the “Run the troubleshooter” button to run the Blue Screen Troubleshooter and then follow the next on-screen options. Note that you might have to boot your PC into Safe Mode.
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Fix Error 0164, Memory size decreased
Computer upgrades are the most common and most efficient ones. RAM upgrade is one of the easiest ones you can do and the most common ones but even as simple an upgrade as this one can cause certain issues. If you are experiencing error 0164, memory size decreased after RAM upgrade we are offering you solutions on how to fix this particular error and get your computer back in working order.
  1. Change BIOS settings

    Enter your motherboard BIOS (usually by pressing the del key on startup) Load BIOS defaults Save changes and exit If the Error 0164: Memory size decreased issue persists even after loading setup defaults, then it must be configured manually inside the BIOS.
  2. Clear CMOS

    Follow the instructions precisely:
    • Turn off all peripheral devices connected to the computer.
    • Disconnect the power cord from the AC power source.
    • Remove the computer cover.
    • Find the battery on the board. The battery may be in a horizontal or vertical battery holder or connected to an onboard header with a wire.
    If the battery is in a holder, note the orientation of the + and – on the battery. With a medium flat-blade screwdriver, gently pry the battery-free from its connector. If the battery is connected to an onboard header with a wire, disconnect the wire from the onboard header.
    • Wait one hour, then reconnect the battery.
    • Put the computer cover back on.
    • Plug the computer and all devices back in.
    • Power on the computer.
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Diagnosing your PC/Preparing Automatic Repair
Windows 10 is has a lot of features that help a user in optimizing a computer. So when the operating system encounters a problem, it is able to provide users with proper resources to get the problem fixed. There are even times when a user is not notified and an issue is either being repaired or dodged in the background. This kind of feature is known as the Diagnosis of the Automatic Repair feature that starts when your computer is booting. In such times, you will either see the “Diagnosing your PC” or “Preparing Automatic Repair” message on your screen. Although this feature is useful and has proven to be effective, some users reported that the process gets stuck. If you experience the same problem, read on as this post will guide you on what to do to fix it but before you start troubleshooting the problem, you might want to perform a Hard Boot first. All you have to do is to power down your computer, remove the battery and the AC adapter and then reconnect them. After that, tap and hold the power button for about 20 seconds and see if your computer boots up properly. If it doesn’t, follow the given fixes below.

Option 1 – Try disabling the automatic Startup Repair

The Automatic Startup Repair window will automatically open during boot when you have some system driver-related problem. So if you think that this is where the problem lies, you can try to disable the automatic Startup Repair.
  • Click on Troubleshoot and go to the Advanced options.
  • After that, select Command Prompt and execute the following command:
bcdedit /set recoveryenabled NO
  • Restart your computer after that and then check.

Option 2 – Run the System File Checker

System File Checker or SFC is a built-in command utility that helps in restoring corrupted files as well as missing files. It replaces bad and corrupted system files to good system files that might be the cause why you’re facing this problem. To run the SFC command, follow the steps given below.
  • Type “cmd” in the Start search and then right-click on the appropriate search result.
  • Next, select “Run as administrator” to open Command Prompt with admin privileges.
  • After opening Command Prompt, type in sfc /scannow
The command will start a system scan which will take a few whiles before it finishes. Once it’s done, you could get the following results:
  1. Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.
  2. Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired them.
  3. Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them.
  • Now restart your computer and see if the problem is fixed or not.

Option 3 – Run CHKDSK to check your disk for errors

When it comes to some issues concerning the hard drive or removable devices, there is a utility in Windows that might help which is called “chkdsk”. This error check utility can help with several issues in the system.
  • Tap the Win + S keys to open the Search box.
  • Then type “command prompt” in the field and from the search results that appear, right-click on Command Prompt and select “Run as administrator”.
  • After opening an elevated command prompt, copy and paste the following command and hit Enter:
chkdsk /r /f
  • Now if you are prompted to run CHKDSK after your reboot your computer, just tap Y and reboot your PC.
  • If CHKDSK is not able to find any errors, tap the Win + E keys and navigate the access window. From there, right-click on the concerned drive and click on Properties.
  • After opening Properties, click on the tab Tools and then click on the “Check” button under the Error-checking section.
  • Wait until the process is completed and then restart your computer.
  • Once your computer has restarted, try accessing the file and check if the error persists.

Option 4 – Run the DISM tool

The next thing you can do is run the DISM tool. This tool is known to repair potentially corrupted files in your system as having them could also system issues like your computer getting stuck in the “Diagnosing your PC” or “Preparing Automatic Repair” screen.
  • Tap the Win + X keys and click on the “Command Prompt (Admin)” option.
  • After that, input each one of the commands listed below sequentially to execute them:
    • Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
    • Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
    • Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
  • Once you’ve executed the commands given above, restart your computer and check if the problem is now fixed.

Option 5 – Try to use installation media to boot and repair your computer

Another thing you can try to resolve the issue is to use the Windows installation bootable media so you can boot and repair the operating system. To use it, follow these steps:
  • You need to first create an installation media which has the dame version of the operating system installed in your computer.
  • After that, once you reach the Install Windows screen, click on the “Repair your computer” link.
  • Wait until the repair is completed and then shut down your computer
  • Now once your computer has restarted, check if it can now boot properly.
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Fix Boot Device Not Found 3F0 Error
Today we will be solving the Device not found 3F0 error which is a common error, especially among HP (HP Pavilion G6), Lenovo, Acer, and Dell laptops/desktops. This error occurs when the computer is turned ON and when the system is about to boot. It can happen on windows 7,  8, or 10. When a mentioned error occurs one of the following messages will be displayed on your screen:
  • “No bootable device – insert boot disk and press any key”
  • “No Boot Device Found. Press any key to reboot the machine”
  • “Boot Device Not Found. Please install an operating system on your hard disk. Hard Disk (3FO)”
  • “No boot device is available”

The most common reasons for 3F0 error to occur is:

  • Using the unbootable device or disk to boot from.
  • If the bootable hard drive you are using might have corrupted or damaged somehow.
  • MBR or boot sector is damaged on the bootable hard drive.
  • If your system has gone through a virus or malware attack.
  • The wrong boot order in the BIOS.
  • Hard disk connection problem.
  • System files or boot files unknowingly damaged.
  • Corrupt hard drive partitions.
Now all of these being said let us go through some of the solutions and fix this dreaded error in order to get your computer back in working order:

1: Change Boot Order


This is well, the most simple solution and the easiest one, try to change the boot sequence in the BIOS settings of your motherboard. Sometimes most easier solutions can provide great results and solve our problems. If sadly this fails and the issue persists move to the next solution.

2: Perform a Hard Reset


Performing hard reset can often solve issues, to perform a hard reset do the following:
  • Turn off the computer and unplug the power adapter. If there is a removable battery, it should also be removed.
  • Then disconnect all peripherals, including the removable hard drive, etc.
then
  • Press and hold the power button for 15 seconds to drain all remaining power.
  • Insert the battery, and then re-plug the AC adapter into the laptop.
  • Press the power button to turn on the computer.
  • Once the computer starts up properly and the startup menu appears, use the arrow keys to select “Start Windows normally” and then press Enter.
Reconnect everything back of your peripherals. If by any chance problem still persists follow the next step:

3: Test Hard Drive Using HP Diagnostic Tool


Use the built-in tool in the Hp device to solve the issue:
  • Turn on your computer and keep pressing the Esc key until the menu appears on the screen.
  • Next, press the F2 key.
  • Choose the Components Tests option from the HP PC Hardware Diagnostics menu.
  • Select Hard Drive from the Component Tests menu.
  • Click on the Quick Test, then click on the Run once button.
  • If there are still any issues with your hard drive, then run the Extensive Test.

4: Restore BIOS Default Settings


  • Press the Power button to start the computer, and immediately after this, repeatedly press the F10 key to enter the BIOS setup menu.
  • To load and restore BIOS Setup Default settings, press F9 on the BIOS setup menu.
  • Once loaded, press F10 to Save and Exit.
  • Select yes, and then press Enter when it says Exit Saving Changes.

5: Reconnect Your Hard Drive


  • Turn the computer off and remove the power cable.
  • If you have a removable battery, take it out
  • Disconnect your hard drive and then connect it back.
  • Reassemble your computer and turn the computer on to see if it fixed the issue.

6: Fix and Rebuild Damaged MBR


  • Boot from the original installation DVD (or the recovery USB)
  • At the Welcome screen, click Repair your computer.
  • Choose Troubleshoot.
  • Choose Command Prompt.
  • When the Command Prompt loads, type the following commands: bootrec /FixMbr bootrec /FixBoot bootrec /ScanOs bootrec /RebuildBcd.

7: Fix Operating System


  • Prepare a Windows installation disc, CD/DVD or USB flash drive and connect it to your PC.
  • During the installation process, launch Command Prompt.
  • In Windows 7, under the System Recovery Options tab, click Startup Repair.
  • In Windows 8 and Windows 10, click Repair your computer, then select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Automatic Repair (Windows 8) or Startup Repair (Windows 10).

8: Replace the Hard Disk

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Disk Cleanup is stuck on Update Cleanup
There is a built-in tool in Windows 10 the Disk Cleanup Utility which can help you restore hard disk space by removing temporary files, Thumbnails, old Windows files, Windows Upgrade logs, Delivery optimization files, and many more. However, from time to time, this built-in tool also experiences some issues. One of these issues is when it gets stuck on Windows Update Cleanup. Read on to find out what you can do in such a case. When the Disk Cleanup Utility is stuck on the Windows Update Cleanup, the process could be slow and take a long time to complete when purging the files. If this happens, click on Cancel to close the dialog box. After that, try running the Disk Cleanup Tool again as administrator and check if the files that you want to clean is still there or not. If it isn’t there, then this means that the cleanup has been done, otherwise, you need to refer to the options given below.

Option 1 – Try to manually delete the contents in the SoftwareDistribution folder

  • Open the WinX Menu.
  • From there, open Command Prompt as admin.
  • Then type in the following command – don’t forget to hit Enter right after typing each one of them.
net stop wuauserv net start cryptSvc net start bits net start msiserver
  • After entering these commands, it will stop the Windows Update Service, Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS), Cryptographic, and the MSI Installer
  • Next, go to the C:/Windows/SoftwareDistribution folder and get rid of all the folders and files thereby tapping the Ctrl + A keys to select them all and then click on Delete. Note that if the files are in use, you won’t be able to delete them.
After resetting the SoftwareDistribution folder, you need to reset the Catroot2 folder to restart the services you just stopped. To do that, follow these steps:
  • Type each one of the following commands.
net start wuauserv net start cryptSvc net start bits net start msiserver
  • After that, exit Command Prompt and restart your computer and then try to run Windows Update once more.

Option 2 – Try to manually delete the contents of the Windows.old folder

The Windows.old folder is the one that holds the older version of Windows when you upgrade. It comes really useful when you want to revert to the previous version of Windows 10. Thus, you can delete the Windows.old files in case the cleanup tool is stuck.

Option 3 – Try running Disk Cleanup in a Clean Boot State or Safe Mode

Another thing you can try is to restart your computer in a Clean Boot State or Safe Mode. Chances are, there are some programs that are preventing the Disk Cleanup Utility tool to run properly. After you restart your computer in a Clean Boot State or Safe Mode, try to run the Disk Cleanup tool again and then see if it now works or not.

Option 4 – Run the Windows Update Troubleshooter

You might also want to run the Windows Update Troubleshooter as it could also help in fixing this issue. To run it, go to Settings and then select Troubleshoot from the options. From there, click on Windows Update and then click the “Run the troubleshooter” button. After that, follow the next on-screen instructions and you should be good to go.

Option 5 – Run the DISM tool to fix the corruption in the Component Store

You can try running the Deployment Imaging and Servicing Management or DISM tool to fix the Wdf01000.sys Blue Screen error. Using this built-in tool, you have various options such as the “/ScanHealth”, “/CheckHealth”, and “/RestoreHealth”.
  • Open the Command Prompt with admin privileges.
  • Then type in the following commands and make sure to hit Enter right after you type each one of them:
    • Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
    • Dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
    • exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
  • Do not close the window if the process takes a while as it will probably take a few minutes to finish.
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Error 740 Requested operation requires elevation
If you are trying to open a folder or run a program or delete a file but you encounter an error message instead saying, “Error (740), The requested operation requires elevation” on your Windows 10 computer, then this post should help. Make sure that you follow each one of the options given below carefully.

Option 1 – Always run the program as an administrator

There are some apps that require administrator privilege before they can be opened. So if you are got the “Error (740), The requested operation requires elevation” error when you try to open a particular app on your computer, you have to try opening it as administrator instead. On the other hand, if you are already using an administrator account or if you are a member of the administrator group, this option may not work for you so just proceed to the next one but if you’re only using a regular account, then follow these steps:
  • First, right-click on the app you are trying to open and select Properties.
  • After that, go to the Compatibility tab and check the checkbox labeled “Run this program as an administrator”.
  • Next, click the Apply and OK buttons and see if the app opens without any problem.

Option 2 – Try to change the folder permissions

If you encounter Error 740 while opening a folder, then you need to try changing the folder permissions.
  • First, right-click on the folder and click Properties.
  • Next, go to the Security tab and click the Advanced button.
  • After that, check the checkbox labeled, “Replace all child object permission entries with inheritable permission entries from this object” and then click the Apply and OK buttons to save the changes made.

Option 3 – Try disabling UAC

The User Account Control or UAC settings might be the one that’s responsible for Error 740 which is why you have to disable the User Account Control and then verify if it’s the one that triggers the error or not. To do that, simply search for “Change user account control settings” in the Taskbar search box and then drag the blue bar down to the bottom and click the OK button to save the change made.

Option 4 – Select the Elevate without prompting option in the Group Policy Editor

There is an option in the Group Policy Editor which allows you to disable the UAC prompt. Disabling the “Elevate without prompting” option can help in resolving Error 740 and to disable it, follow the steps below.
  • Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box.
  • Then type “gpedit.msc” in the field and hit Enter to open the Group Policy Editor.
  • Next, navigate to the following path:
Computer Configuration > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > Security Options
  • From there, go to the Security Options folder where you can find a policy named “User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode”. Double click on it to open its options.
  • Now select the Elevate without prompting option from the drop-down menu and click OK.
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Enabling the new Light Mode Theme in Windows
In case you don’t know, Windows now comes with an all-new Light Mode theme which gives a light accent color to the Taskbar, Start, and Notification Area. Aside from that, it also brings new improvements and features. This new theme is somewhere between dark and completely white and in this post, you will be guided on how you can enable this new feature in your Windows 10 computer. Although the Light Mode sure looks stunning and a lot of users love it, it actually switches all the apps plus the Taskbar and Start Menu to the light mode which was not the case before. In addition, the icons in the system tray area, as well as the notification center, are also inverted. To resolve that, there are several ways you can customize the light mode theme as well as activate it in the Windows 10 v1903. How? Refer to each one of the options given below.

Option 1 – Via Theme settings

Windows 10 brought a new theme called “Windows (Light)” which will enable the light mode automatically and will set the accent colors to automatic. This will also apply the new Windows 10 wallpaper on your desktop. To enable Windows (Light), all you have to do is right-click on the desktop and select Themes from the left menu. After that, select the Windows (Light) option under the Change Themes section. This will apply to the Windows (Light) mode.

Option 2 – Via Color settings

The second and more customizable way to activate the light mode is via Settings. Aside from the Light and Dark, Windows also introduced a Custom color option which allows you to decide the default Windows and App mode independently. To enable Light mode via Settings, refer to the steps below.
  • First, open Settings and go to Personalization.
  • After that, select “Colours” from the left menu.
  • Next, select Light under the “Choose your color” section to activate the light mode in Windows 10. This will activate light mode all over your computer.
Note: If after activating light mode, you find that you don’t like it and you want to keep things as they were before (Light App Mode and Dark Windows Mode), you can achieve that using the Custom option. All you have to do is select Custom from the drop-down menu to decide the default Windows and app mode independently. After that, select light under the default app mode and dark under the default Windows mode so that you can keep things as they were before the update. On the other hand, you can also try the opposite version of the light Windows mode and Dark app mode since Windows increased the level of customizability which allows users to use an option of a completely light mode.
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Fix Error 30053-4 or 30053-39, language pack
As you know, the Office Language Packs need to be installed right after installing Office. It also has to be on the correct version of Office so if any of these conditions are not met, you will most likely get error codes 30053-4 or 30053-39 when you install a language pack in Microsoft Office. If you are currently facing this error, read on as this post will help you fix the problem. Here’s the full context of the error message:
“Something went wrong, Sorry, installation cannot continue because no compatible office products are detected.”
When you have to work on two different languages, that’s where the language packs come in handy. You might have to work on one language but when it comes to proofreading or help, you need another language. Note that some language accessory packs offer partial localization which is why some parts of the Office might show the default language. If you are using Office 365 or Office 2019, 2016, 2013, or 2010, you need to go to the language accessory pack page from office.com and select your language. Once you see the download link, click on it to start downloading the pack. It includes the display in the chosen language, proofing tools for the selected language, as well as the Help in the selected language. Once the installation is complete, follow each one of the given options below to configure the language accessory pack properly.

Option 1 – Select Editing and Proofing language

  • You need to open any Office program and navigate to File > Options > Language.
  • From there, you need to make sure that the language you want to use is in the list under the Choose Editing Languages section.
  • After that, you can add or remove the language that Office uses for editing and proofing tools.

Option 2 – Configure the Display and Help languages

In this option, you can change the default display and help languages for all the Office applications so whatever you choose will be used for all the buttons, menus, and support of all the programs. After you select the language, restart all the Office applications to apply the changes made successfully. On the other hand, if you are using Office volume license versions, note that only an administrator account can install this if you are using the Volume License version of Microsoft Office 2016. You have to download the ISO image of the language packs, language interface packs, and the proofing tools from the VLSC or Volume Licensing Service Center. This process can be quite complicated so you might have to go to the docs.microsoft.com page to be guided accordingly. After you installed everything correctly, the error code 30053-4 or 30053-39 should now be fixed.
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How to fix disk signature collision problem
As you know, storage devices are an important part of the computer system for porting, saving, and extracting data files. And for you to differentiate between storage devices on your computer system, each one of the storage devices is labeled with a unique number referred to as Disk Signature for identification. The unique disk identifier is stored as a part of the MBR or Master Boot Record. Disk signature is used by operating systems in order to identify and set apart different data storage devices and hard disk drives in the computer for data access. These days, Disk cloning has become a regular practice in upgrading to larger hard disk drives. Drives are cloned in order to produce a similar copy to use both the original drive and cloned copy together. Moreover, lots of virtualization tools are being used to virtualize the physical hard disk drives to create virtual hard disk drives and several virtual machine clones that are created with the existing virtual hard disk drives. And since these are identical copies, chances these copies may have identical disk signatures. As a result, when you use both disks that have identical signatures at the same time you run into the Disk Signature Collision problem. This kind of problem does not often occur as the Windows system does not really allow two disks to function simultaneously when they have the same disk signature. When you encounter a Disk Collision problem in your Windows 10 computer, you may see the following error messages:
  • The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible
  • The disk is offline because it has a signature collision
  • This disk is offline because it has a signature collision with another disk that is online
You can fix the disk collision problem by changing the disk signature which you can achieve using the command line utility diskpart in Windows PowerShell or Command Prompt or using Windows Disk Management utility. To fix the disk collision problem, you can make use of the command-line utility called diskpart in Windows PowerShell or Command Prompt to view and change the signature, or can make use of Master Boot record in the Windows Registry. You can also make use of Windows Disk Management Utility to change the signature. Simply follow the given options below to change the disk signature either way.

Option 1 – Change Disk Signature via Diskpart

  • Type “command prompt” in the Windows Search bar and then right-click on the related search result and select the “Run as administrator” option.
  • After that, type the “diskpart” command and hit Enter to open Diskpart.
  • Next, type the “list disk” command to display all the disks available in the system.
  • Next, take note of the problematic disk number with the status Offline from the list and then type the “Select disk x” command where x is the offline disk to select the offline disk. For instance, if you type “select disk 1”, it will display the “Disk 1 is now the selected disk” message.
  • Now type the “Uniqueid disk” command to display the disk signature and to change the disk’s signature and set the disk online, type the “unique disk ID= (New signature)” where (New signature) is the new ID in hexadecimal. For instance, you can set the new id as “unique disk ID= 1456ACBD”.
Note: If you have given the wrong format ID, the command prompt will display the following error:
“The specified identifier is not in the correct format. Type the identifier in the correct format: in hexadecimal form for an MBR disk or as a GUID for a GPT disk.”
  • After you’re done, the disk will be online, and then restart your computer.

Option 2 – Change Disk Signature via Disk Management Utility

  • Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box and then type “diskmgmt.msc” and hit Enter or click OK to open Disk Management.
  • Next, right-click on the disk that is marked as Missing or Offline.
  • After that, select the Online command from the drop-down menu.
  • Then from the selecting option Online, Windows will generate a new disk signature.
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System Restore gets stuck or hangs up
As you know, System Restore is a useful tool in Windows operating system that helps users in fixing system issues by undoing any recent changes to the computer that may have caused the problem. However, there are times when you might encounter some issues when running this tool and one of these issues is when System Restore suddenly gets stuck or hangs up on initializing the restoration of the Registry in Windows 10. If you encounter a similar problem, read on as this post will guide you on what you can do in such cases. There are several things you can do when you face this kind of problem in System Restore. First, you can try to wait it out, give it more time to load, which should not take longer than 5 minutes. And if it’s still stuck after that time, give it another hour. However, if nothing changed after an hour, then you need to troubleshoot the problem further. Keep in mind that you must not interrupt System Restore by shutting it down abruptly, it could result in an unbootable system. To get started in troubleshooting the problem, you need to follow each one of the suggestions offered below.

Option 1 – Try to use the Windows Recovery Environment

The first troubleshooting option you need to try is to simply tap the power button for about 10 seconds. This is what you have to do when you have to interrupt System Restore or reset your Windows 10 computer. Tapping the power button for 10 seconds will perform a hard shutdown and once your computer shuts down, restart your computer again and follow the steps below but before you do that, make sure that you have a Windows bootable USB or DVD.
  • First, insert the bootable USB or DVD and boot into it, and select the “Repair your computer” option.
  • Next, once you see the manufacturer logo on your computer, tap the key to enter into Windows Recovery Environment.
  • After that, change the Boot sequence to DVD drive under the UEFI Firmware settings and restart your computer.
  • Once your computer has restarted, select the boot order and make changes accordingly as displayed in the BIOS.

Option 2 – Try to run the Automatic Repair Utility

You might also want to use Automatic Repair in fixing the error. To do so, follow the steps below.
  • You can start by creating and booting from a bootable Windows 10 USB Stick.
  • After that, click on Repair your computer located on the bottom left corner when you are on the initial Windows Startup screen.
  • Next, click on Troubleshoot, and then on the other screen, click the Startup Repair option.
  • Now select the operating system you want to repair. Once you do that, it will start to repair your operating system. Wait until the process is completed and then check if the problem’s now fixed.

Option 3 – Try to run System Restore in Safe Mode

If you can’t boot into your Windows 10 computer, you can try to run System Restore again in the Advanced Startup Options.
  • Boot your computer into Safe Mode.
  • After that, select an option > Troubleshoot > Advanced Options > Startup Settings > Restart.
  • Once your computer has restarted, tap the F6 key to enable Safe Mode with Command Prompt and to run System Restore from there.
  • Now in Command Prompt, type the “rstrui.exe” command to run System Restore in Safe Mode. This will help in fixing the problem since it would be safer to perform System Restore of the computer.
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