How to game on a low budget

Keyboard shortcuts are undeniably one of the most utilized ways and are helpful in maximizing productivity through the various applications at top speed in Windows 10. It offers the option to create custom keyboard shortcuts that allow users to launch apps, and even websites, instantly. There are already tons of keyboard shortcuts that are built-in in Windows 10 but in case you don’t know, you can actually create new ones. Doing so is not a difficult task and in this post, you will be guided on how you can exactly create custom keyboard shortcuts in your Windows 10 computer. Most users would create desktop shortcuts or pin the apps in the taskbar to speed up the process of working on their computers. It is an easy task to do since you can easily do it by dragging an app from the Start Menu to the desktop or by simply right-clicking on the executable app and selecting the “Create Shortcut” option. However, doing so would take physical effort and there are times when you have to minimize all the apps to get to the desktop so you can click the shortcut and this is where the Custom Keyboard Shortcuts come in handy. You can create Custom Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows 10 for various programs – from the traditional desktop apps to the new universal apps – you can fling in a shortcut so that you can instantly open them faster compared to when doing it manually and besides this also wouldn’t affect any of the ongoing system activity. To get started, you need to follow the steps provided below carefully.

To add Custom Keyboard hotkeys to a program and website desktop shortcuts, here’s what you have to do:

Step 1: First, you have to right-click on the app or website and select Properties. Step 2: After that, go to the Shortcut tab and from there, you will see the “Shortcut key” textbox which allows you to enter a new or custom keyboard shortcut for the app or website. Step 3: In the textbox field, input your preferred letters to set up the new hotkey. Keep in mind that this custom shortcut has to be combined with the Ctrl + Alt keys which means that if you want to select “N”, you have to tap the Ctrl + Alt + N keys. Step 4: Once done, click on the Apply and OK buttons to save the changes made and then close the window. Step 5: After that, tap the newly created keyboard shortcut, Ctrl + Alt + N keys again to open the app or website you’ve set up earlier.

To add Custom Keyboard hotkeys to a desktop app or an independent program that can be installed using direct download, here’s what you have to do:

Step 1: First, open the Start Menu and look for the icon/tile of the required app in the menu. However, if you are not able to find the desired app, then just click on the All Apps option to navigate through all the apps that are installed on your PC. Step 2: Once you find the app, just right-click on it and select More and then click on the “Open file location” option. Step 3: This will open a new window with the shortcut icon. Right-click on the app’s shortcut icon and select Properties. Step 4: This will open the Properties window where you can add the shortcut combination. Keep in mind that just like the previous method, the custom shortcut has to be combined with the Ctrl + Alt keys. For instance, if you select E, then you also have to set a keyboard shortcut that includes Ctrl + Alt, so it will be, Ctrl + Alt + E. Step 5: Once you’re done, click on the Apply and OK buttons to save the changes made. You should now be able to use the custom shortcut key you’ve set.

What is 0x0000001A Error Code?

The 0x0000001A is a severe memory management blue screen of death error code. This is Windows error is also called a Stop code The system is automatically forced to reboot state which means any unsaved work is likely to be lost. This error code pop-up locks you out of the program running on the screen and prevents you from working on it.

Solution

Error Causes

Experiencing error codes on your PC is an unusual activity that triggers that there is definitely something wrong with your system which should be repaired before it becomes a serious threat. The underlying causes of each error code are different. When you come across a 0x0000001A error message this triggers several issues on your PC but largely it’s related to defective or mismatched RAM (Random Access Memory). This could be due to disk De-fragmentation, cluttered registry, and overheating of PC hardware, or perhaps the power supply units that have been used to overcapacity which prompts your PC to show a 0x0000001A error message on your screen. In addition to this, another reason could be a fault in the BIOS motherboard that could be outdated. No matter what the underlying cause of the 0x000001A may be, it is imperative to get it resolved as it seriously damages your computer and leads to system failure.

Further Information and Manual Repair

Restoro is the best way to resolve almost all types of error codes including 0x0000001A in just a few clicks. It is a multi-functional PC registry cleaner that serves as a one-stop solution for all PC issues. This tool can be used to resolve the blue screen of death errors like 0x0000001A in seconds and help you resume and get access to the program that you were working on before you experienced the error code. With this helper, you don’t need to have the technical expertise or sound knowledge about the underlying cause of 0x0000001A. This is an intuitive and advanced tool with built-in cutting edge technology that scans and identifies the cause of 0x00000001A and fixes it right away. It has a neat design layout and a user-friendly interface that is easy to use for even novice users. Restoro registry cleaner cleans up registry disk space, occupied by unnecessary files including junk files, invalid registry entries, temporary internet files, and entries of uninstalled programs that are still present in the registry. It cleans and clears up disk space and wipes out clutter stored in the registry of your system which is likely to trigger RAM and memory mismanagement issues triggering an error code 0x0000001A pop-up message. Restoro is feature-filled which makes it multi-functional.  It is safe, secure and efficient. For optimum data security during repair, it creates backup files. This helps recover data in the event of data loss during repair, which is quite rare. So what are you waiting for? Download Restoro Registry Cleaner today and resolve the error pop-up 0x0000001A now!

High Dynamic Range or HDR is a technique that’s used to create lifelike videos which have improved and better dynamic range, especially when it comes to details. And as you know, Windows 10 supports the steaming of HDR videos as long as the display supports it and it comes with the option to enable the HDR Playback for Windows 10 Video Streaming apps. However, before you can get the best viewing experience, you need to calibrate the display further for HDR video on your Windows 10 PC. Take note that even when you have the HDR Playback feature enabled on your computer, you still need a display that supports it. To make sure that your display supports this feature, you can use the DirectX Diagnostic Tool to have the display correctly wired and have the latest WDDM 2.4 drivers installed as well as set the other settings properly. Once you’ve made sure that your computer’s display really supports HDR and you’ve already enabled the HDR Playback feature, now it’s time for you to calibrate. Remember that when you calibrate the display, you should make an external monitor your primary display if you are using it for HDR and then adjust the settings to your liking. And if you are calibrating for primary display, you need to disconnect all other displays.

Follow the given steps below to calibrate the display of your PC.

• Step 1: You need to open the Video Playback first. To do so, navigate to Settings > Apps > Video Playback.
• Step 2: Under the Video Playback settings, uncheck the “Don’t increase display brightness when watching HDR video on battery” checkbox or plug in your PC.
• Step 3: Next, click the “Change calibration settings for HDR video on my built-in display” link located on the right side.
• Step 4: After that, click on the Play button located on the left side to play the video. Then move the sliders to the left or right so you can start to calibrate. Once you see that the quality of the image is to your preference, stop.

Note: Just a tip when calibrating – you just have to find the right balance between the details in the darker parts of a scene. For instance, you have Mountains in the background and buildings in the front – you need to drag the slider to the right to add more details to the snow on the mountain or drag the slider to the left to add more details to the buildings. After that, you can pause the video and exit the full-screen mode. Keep in mind that the quality of HDR depends on you as it is a personal choice. Some users might like a brighter shade while other ones want the darker shade so it really depends on your taste. If you are not satisfied with how your HDR turned out, you can just try calibrating the display again. Simply go back to the default HDR video calibration and click or tap the Reset calibration button. Another thing to remember. First, you can only see HDR content on the full screen and if you’re using a laptop, you need to make sure to watch videos when plugged in and check that the battery settings won't’ lower the brightness.

SysPlayer is a potentially unwanted ad-supported media application from Goobzo.com. It can display targeted ads, hijack browser search results, and can display pop-up ads. This player gathers information about your visited websites, the number of clicks on each website, and cookie information containing sensitive data, that it occasionally sends back to the server.

Multiple Anti-virus programs detect SysPlayer as malicious or potentially unwanted as of the time of publication of this video. It has been associated in bundles with iWebar, which is also flagged by many AVs.

From the publisher:

SysPlayer is an extremely lightweight free Media Player with built-in codecs, which supports the most popular video and audio formats, as well as DVD, audio CD, Webcams, and other devices. It lets you play your video files, and watch images.

About Potentially Unwanted Applications

People have experienced it – you download and install a piece of free software, next you see some unwanted programs on your computer system, find a strange toolbar on your web browser, or find your default search engine has been changed. You did not set them up, so how did they appear? A Potentially Unwanted Program, also known as PUP, in short, is actually software that contains adware, installs toolbars, or has other hidden goals. These types of programs are almost always bundled up with free software which you download via the internet or may also be bundled inside the custom installers of many download sites. Despite being considered very destructive, PUPs aren’t necessarily computer viruses or malware The main reason for this is the fact that the majority of PUPs get into users’ PC’s not because they exploit security weaknesses, for example, but because the users give consent to download and install it – unknowingly in general. On the other hand, there is no doubt that PUPs are still bad news for PC users as they can be incredibly dangerous to the computer in many ways.

What do PUPs do on your computer, really?

Unwanted programs can be found in many forms. More often, they can be found in adware bundlers which are known to use aggressive and misleading advertising. The majority of bundlers install many adware applications from several companies, each of which possesses its own EULA policy. Total System Care entirely eliminates this threat and protects your computer against unwanted programs or malware infection. PUPs that come as browser add-ons and toolbars are readily recognizable. They’ll modify web browser settings, change default search provider, substitute the default home page with their very own websites, decelerate internet speed, and can ruin your system also. They may look innocent but PUPs are usually spyware. They could include things like information gathering code which could gather and send your private information to organizations. Even if the PUPs really aren’t inherently malicious, these programs still do practically nothing good on your computer – they’ll take valuable system resources, slow down your computer, weaken your computer security, and make your system more vulnerable to trojans.

Protect yourself from PUPs

• Read the terms and conditions so that the end-user license agreement (EULA) you’re accepting is only for the program you actually intend to download. • Pick the “custom” install whenever installing a software program. Particularly, pay attention to those tiny boxes that have been checked by default, where you might ‘agree’ to receive advertising or install software bundlers. • Have a top-notch anti-virus program like Total System Care which will protect your personal machine from PUPs. Once you install this software, protection from viruses and PUPs is already switched on. • Avoid installing a freeware program you will not use. Prior to adding a toolbar or browser extension, think of whether it is really needed. • Always download programs from the original website. The majority of PUPs find their way to your computer system is through download portals, so stay away from it entirely.

What To Do If You Cannot Install Any Anti-virus?

Practically all malware is bad, but certain kinds of malicious software do a lot more damage to your computer or laptop than others. Some malware variants modify web browser settings by including a proxy server or modify the PC’s DNS configuration settings. In these instances, you’ll be unable to visit certain or all of the sites, and therefore not able to download or install the necessary security software to eliminate the malware. If you are reading this article, you probably have got affected by malware that stops you from installing security software such as Safebytes Anti-Malware. Even though this sort of issue will be harder to get around, there are some steps you can take.

Eliminate viruses in Safe Mode

The Windows operating system includes a special mode known as “Safe Mode” in which just the bare minimum required applications and services are loaded. If the malware is obstructing access to the internet and affecting your computer, launching it in Safe Mode allows you to download anti-virus and run a diagnostic scan while limiting possible damage. In order to enter into Safe Mode or Safe Mode with Networking, press F8 while the computer is starting up or run MSCONFIG and look for the “Safe Boot” options in the “Boot” tab. Once you restart into Safe Mode with Networking, you could download, install, and update the anti-malware program from there. At this point, you are able to run the antivirus scan to get rid of computer viruses and malware without hindrance from another application.

Use an alternate web browser to download an anti-malware program

Some malware only targets certain internet browsers. If this is your case, employ another web browser as it can circumvent the computer virus. If you’re not able to download the anti-virus application using Internet Explorer, this means the virus may be targeting IE’s vulnerabilities. Here, you should switch over to a different internet browser like Firefox or Chrome to download the Safebytes Anti-malware program.

Create a portable USB antivirus for removing malware

Another option would be to make a portable antivirus program on your USB thumb drive. Follow these steps to employ a USB drive to clean your corrupted system. 1) On a virus-free PC, download and install Safebytes Anti-Malware. 2) Plug the USB drive into the uninfected computer. 3) Double-click on the downloaded file to open the installation wizard. 4) Pick thumb drive as the location when the wizard asks you exactly where you would like to install the software. Follow the activation instructions. 5) Transfer the USB drive from the uninfected PC to the infected computer. 6) Double-click the EXE file to run the Safebytes tool right from the thumb drive. 7) Click the “Scan” button to run a full computer scan and remove malware automatically.

SafeBytes Anti-Malware: Light-weight Malware Protection for Windows Computer

If you’re looking to buy anti-malware for your computer system, there are many brands and applications for you to consider. A few of them do a good job in eliminating threats while many will harm your computer themselves. It is important to opt for a company that creates industry-best antimalware and has achieved a reputation as reliable. When considering trustworthy applications, Safebytes AntiMalware is certainly the highly recommended one. SafeBytes can be described as a powerful, real-time antivirus application that is created to assist the everyday computer end user in safeguarding their PC from malicious threats. Once you have installed this software program, SafeBytes superior protection system will make sure that absolutely no viruses or malicious software can seep through your PC. SafeBytes anti-malware takes computer protection to a whole new level with its advanced features. The following are some of the great features included in the product. World-class AntiMalware Protection: This deep-cleaning antimalware program goes much deeper than most anti-virus tools to clean out your personal computer. Its critically acclaimed virus engine finds and disables hard-to-remove malware that hides deep within your computer. Active Protection: SafeBytes gives real-time active supervision and protection from all of known viruses and malware. They’re extremely effective in screening and getting rid of numerous threats because they’re regularly improved with new updates and alerts. Quick Multi-threaded Scanning: Safebytes Anti-Malware, with its advanced scanning engine, provides extremely fast scanning which will quickly target any active online threat. Web Protection: SafeBytes checks and provides a unique safety ranking to every single site you visit and block access to web pages known to be phishing sites, thus safeguarding you from identity theft, or known to contain malware. Light-weight Utility: SafeBytes provides complete protection from online threats at a fraction of the CPU load due to its enhanced detection engine and algorithms. 24/7 Premium Support: Support service is accessible 24 x 7 x 365 days through chat and email to answer your concerns.

Technical Details and Manual Removal (Advanced Users)

If you wish to manually remove SysPlayer without the use of an automated tool, it may be possible to do so by removing the program from the Windows Add/Remove Programs menu, or in cases of browser extensions, going to the browsers AddOn/Extension manager and removing it. You will likely also want to reset your browser. To ensure the complete removal, manually check your hard drive and registry for all of the following and remove or reset the values accordingly. Please note that this is for advanced users only and may be difficult, with incorrect file removal causing additional PC errors. In addition, some malware is capable of replicating or preventing deletion. Doing this in Safe Mode is advised.

The following files, folders, and registry entries are created or modified by SysPlayer

Long working hours on a laptop can have some issues with laptop heating and thus slowing down. Today we will take a look at how can you prevent it from heating and keep it in a normal temperature range so it lasts longer and works better.

Close unnecessary programs or browser tabs

Usually, the main reason for high laptop temperature is the heavy and constant workload. Of course, the solution is very simple, turn off unnecessary browser tabs or applications running in the background, and less power will be needed for operation thus directly reducing workload and temperature.

Place it on a hard flat surface

Laptops generally have vents on the side and even under them, these vents, of course, are made so hot air is disposed of through them but if they are covered that will create issues. Placing computers on textiles, pillows, and legs can obstruct their venting holes and increase heat also since they are materials that are not taking heat away.

Your best practice should be placing the laptop onto a hard flat surface so air can flow freely and if you need to keep it in your lap there are lap desks made for this purpose.

Clean the laptop

With some good cleaning, the laptop can stop overheating, and generally, it will be cooler. Vents that has for ventilation can get clogged over large periods of time due to dust which is always present. Compressed air can be a quick easy solution to open the vents and redust it. Other methods include a compressor, vacuum, or brush in order to quickly remove any dust clogs. Taking it into service for complete redusting and paste change is also a great option.

Place it on the dedicated pad

There is some disagreement about using dedicated cooling pads for laptops, some say they are not effective at all, and some swear by them but from my experience good paired laptop and pad can indeed help with cooling it down. Usually, cooling pads will come with fans that will take away heat from the laptop itself reducing its overall heat.

Change your Windows power plan

If your laptop is constantly hot but you are not doing much with him check Windows power settings. There is a good chance it is set to run on a high-performance plan and if this is the case switch it back to a balanced power setting. Power plan like high performance will drain more power and more power will mean more heating. Of course, this will affect performance as well but for regular work that excludes some power gaming, video, and picture manipulations and other demanding tasks this power plan will work just fine.

Take control of the fans inside your laptop

Internal cooling is important and sometimes fans are not running to their full capacity so increasing their speed or changing their plan of work can cool down the computer nicely. Some laptops have fans controlling application already on them, especially gaming laptops but most of them do not. If your laptop does not have it, go to your laptop brand website and see if such an application exists for your model, if it does, download and install it but if there is no such application try general free ones like SpeedFan or Argus Monitor.

Reduce voltage of CPU and GPU

How more power means more heat, reducing the power that CPU and/or GPU take can be reduced inside BIOS by lowering voltage of these 2 components. First, go to BIOS and write down the voltage that is currently assigned to your CPU and/or GPU so you can bring it back if ever needed, also take note that reducing voltage and thus power will not affect negatively your components but increasing it thus overclocking can and will so be careful when bringing voltage back not to overdo it. You can always also reset your BIOS settings to bring them back to factory settings.

Do not use the laptop when charging it

When the laptop is placed on the charger in order to be charged and used at the same time, more power is drawn to it, and since the battery is taking electric charge instead of providing it more heat will be generated now since two different sources will be generating it, the battery itself and computer. When you really can not wait for the laptop to be charged, use it, but turn it off and wait to be fully charged if you can.

Browsing your files on a computer seamlessly is made possible by the File Explorer in Windows 10 as it provides users with a great sense of customization for both listing and performing operations on a file. You have the option to arrange the folders and files being browsed by their name, type, date, size, and so on. Moreover, files that share a common attribute can be also be grouped accordingly using the grouping feature. However, there are times when instead of helping, it causes some problems for some users. This is why in this post, you will be guided on how you can disable the File Grouping feature in the File Explorer in Windows 10. There are two methods you need to consider in disabling the File Grouping feature in Windows 10. First, you can disable it for only one folder or you can disable it for all the folders on your computer. For more details, follow the instructions given below.

Option 1 – Disable File Grouping in only one folder

This first option is relatively straightforward and simple which will work if you only want to disable File Grouping in one folder.

• First, open File Explorer, and go to the folder you want to disable File Grouping.
• Next, right-click anywhere on that folder.
• And then select Group by > None. This will disable File Grouping for only that particular folder.

Option 2 – Disable File Grouping in all the folders

If you wish to disable File Grouping in all the folders on your computer, then you need to follow this option. If you have already tried the first one, then continue with the given steps below.

• Tap the Alt + V key combination.
• Then tap the Alt + Y keys and then tap Alt + O keys.
• After that, navigate to the View tab, and under the Folder views section, select Apply to Folders.
• Now click on the Apply and OK buttons to save the changes made. This will disable File Grouping in all the folders listed in the File Explorer.

Error Code 0xC004C020 (Code 0xC004C020) – What is it?

Error code 0xC004C020 (Code 0xC004C020) is an error that occurs when you attempt to activate a copy of Windows 7 with a key, but the key has already been activated multiple times. When receiving this error code, it means that you are trying to exceed the number of times that the Windows 7 key is allowed to be activated. Common symptoms include:

• Attempting to install Windows 7 with a key and a dialog box with the code 0xC004C020 is displayed.
• The computer is unable to install Windows 7 with the key.
• Certain features will refrain from working until the correct key has been entered.

Solution

Error Causes

Error Code 0xC004C020 occurs when you are not able to install Windows 7 using a previously purchased key code that has been installed numerous times previously on the same computer.

• You are not able to use your previously used key to install Windows 7.
• You have used the Windows 7 key the maximum number of times allowed.

Error code 0xC004C020 simply means that the Windows 7 code that you are trying to use to install Windows 7 has already been used the maximum number of times allowed, even when installing it on the same computer that it was previously used on. This would indicate that the key is what is known as a volume key- meaning that there is a cap on the number of uses.

Further Information and Manual Repair

Many people encounter this problem when they are doing software development or testing and need to reinstall Windows 7. Some people might also encounter this error code when installing Windows 7 with a key that was used too many times previously. It should be noted that there are several ways to fix this problem, but if nothing is working, you should contact a computer repair technician.

Method One

Activate by phone- the long method.

1. Click the start button, right-click Computer, click Properties, and then click Activate Windows.  This will open Windows Activation.
2. Click on “Show me other ways to activate”.
3. Find and enter the Windows 7 key, then click Next.
4. Click on “Use the automated phone system”. If you are prompted for an administrator password or a confirmation, confirm or type the password now.
5. Select the location nearest to you and then click the Next button.
6. There will be a list of available phone numbers, choose one and call it. There will be an automated system that will guide the activation process.
7. Enter the installation ID when prompted, it will be listed on your computer screen.
8. The phone system will give you a confirmation ID, write this down.
9. Type this confirmation ID into the space that is provided by step 3. This will be in the activation dialogue. Then, click NEXT and follow the instruction.
10. If this is not successful, stay on the line and be transferred to a customer service representative that will assist you.

Method Two

Activate by phone- this is a much simpler method.

1. Click on Start, type: slui.exe 4 into the Search box
2. Press Enter on the keyboard.
3. Pick your country.
4. Choose the Phone Activation option; stay on hold to speak with a customer service representative.

Method Three

Error code 0xC004C020 occurs if you have used your Windows 7 activation key on multiple computers, or multiple times on the same computer. You are not allowed to exceed the uses of the key—you should consider purchasing a new key if this is the case. A Windows 7 key is available for purchase online through the Microsoft website, in the shop section. The new product key must then be activated within 30 days, or it becomes no longer valid. It can be activated online or through the telephone. If it is not activated on time, features will stop working until the new key has been activated. This should be the last resort method, as you should not have to purchase a new Windows 7 key code if it is not necessary. If you wish to always have at your disposal a utility tool to fix these Windows 10 and other related issues when they do arise, download and install a powerful automated tool.

If you are checking for an update on your Windows 10 PC and you got the error 0x80070005 due to some ACCESS DENIED permissions issue, then read on as this post will show you what you can do to fix the problem. For some reason, the Windows Update does not have enough rights or permissions to continue further which is why you’re getting an error instead. Thus, the first thing you can do before you troubleshoot further is to make sure that you’re logged in as admin. However, if you’re already logged in as one, then here are some suggestions that might help you fix the Windows Update Install Error 0x80070005.

Option 1 – Restart your computer and try installing the Updates again

You can restart your computer and then try installing the updates once again. There are instances when a simple restart resolves Windows Update errors. Thus, after you restart your computer, check for updates once again and see if you’re still getting the error or not.

Option 2 – Delete the contents in the Software Distribution folder and Catroot2 folder

• Open the WinX Menu.
• From there, open Command Prompt as admin.
• Then type in the following command – don’t forget to hit Enter right after typing each one of them.

net stop wuauserv net start cryptSvc net start bits net start msiserver

• After entering these commands, it will stop the Windows Update Service, Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS), Cryptographic, and the MSI Installer
• Next, go to the C:/Windows/SoftwareDistribution folder and get rid of all the folders and files thereby tapping the Ctrl + A keys to select them all and then click on Delete. Note that if the files are in use, you won’t be able to delete them.

After resetting the SoftwareDistribution folder, you need to reset the Catroot2 folder to restart the services you just stopped. To do that, follow these steps:

• Type each one of the following commands.

net start wuauserv net start cryptSvc net start bits net start msiserver

• After that, exit Command Prompt and restart your computer, and then try to run Windows Update once more.

Option 3 – Try running the Windows Update Troubleshooter

Running the built-in Windows Update troubleshooter is one of the things you can first check out as it is known to automatically resolve any Windows Update errors like error 0x80070005. To run it, go to Settings and then select Troubleshoot from the options. From there, click on Windows Update and then click the “Run the troubleshooter” button. After that, follow the next on-screen instructions and you should be good to go.

Option 4 – Take control of the User App Data

There are times when permission to access the files is not configured correctly. As a result, it blocks the downloading of the updates. Thus, you have to take full control of the User App Data which is placed at C:/Users/USERNAME/AppData.

• First, go to C:/Users/USERNAME/AppData and right-click on it then select Properties.
• Next, click on the Edit button in the Properties window and click OK to confirm if you got a User Account Control elevation request.
• After that, select user/group from the permission windows or click on the Add button to add another user or group. It would be best if you add “Everyone” to give permission.
• Then check “Full Control” under the “Allow” column to assign full access rights control permissions.
• Now edit the permission to Full Control for “Everyone”.
• Click OK to save the changes made and then exit.

Option 5 – Try to update Windows after a couple of minutes or an hour

There are times when the issue is from Microsoft’s end. It could be that there’s some issue with Microsoft’s server so it would be better if you give it a couple of minutes or an hour or so before trying to run Windows Update again.

Often when we connect to the internet were browsing indexed pages through some well-known search engine, usually Google. But beneath the so-called normal internet lurks deep and dark web. You might have heard of the deep web and dark web if you have some geeky friends and we are here to explain what exactly is the deep and dark web. The first thing to know is that the deep and dark web is not the same thing and they coexist separately from one another, you could say that beneath the deep web lies the dark web, yet another layer of the internet. So let us explore first the deep web. What is exactly a deep web?

Deep web, hidden web, or invisible web

as sometimes referenced are part of worldwide web not indexed by search engines, meaning that engines do not basically see and index content of deep web sites. The content of the deep web is hidden behind HTTP forms and includes many very common uses such as webmail, online banking, private or otherwise restricted access social-media pages and profiles, some web forums that require registration for viewing content, and services that users must pay for, and which are protected by paywalls, such as video on demand and some online magazines and newspapers. The content of the deep web can be located and accessed by a direct URL or IP address but may require a password or other security access to get past public website pages. While it is not always possible to directly discover a specific web server's content so that it may be indexed, a site potentially can be accessed indirectly (due to computer vulnerabilities). To discover content on the web, search engines use web crawlers that follow hyperlinks through known protocol virtual port numbers. This technique is ideal for discovering content on the surface web but is often ineffective at finding deep web content. For example, these crawlers do not attempt to find dynamic pages that are the result of database queries due to the indeterminate number of queries that are possible. It has been noted that this can be (partially) overcome by providing links to query results, but this could unintentionally inflate the popularity of a member of the deep web.

Dark WEB

The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets: overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. Through the dark web, private computer networks can communicate and conduct business anonymously without divulging identifying information, such as a user's location. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the Web not indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term deep web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web. The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large, popular networks such as Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle operated by public organizations and individuals. Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as Clearnet due to its unencrypted nature. The Tor dark web or Onionland uses the traffic anonymization technique of onion routing under the network's top-level domain suffix .onion.

Dark & Deep WEB difference

The dark web has often been conflated with the deep web, the parts of the web not indexed (searchable) by search engines. The dark web forms a small part of the deep web but requires custom software in order to access its content. This confusion dates back to at least 2009. Since then, especially in reporting on Silk Road, the two terms have often been conflated, despite recommendations that they should be distinguished. Darknet websites are accessible only through networks such as Tor ("The Onion Routing" project) and I2P ("Invisible Internet Project"). Tor browser and Tor-accessible sites are widely used among darknet users and can be identified by the domain ".onion". While Tor focuses on providing anonymous access to the Internet, I2P specializes in allowing anonymous hosting of websites. Identities and locations of darknet users stay anonymous and cannot be tracked due to the layered encryption system. The darknet encryption technology routes users' data through a large number of intermediate servers, which protects the users' identity and guarantees anonymity. The transmitted information can be decrypted only by a subsequent node in the scheme, which leads to the exit node. The complicated system makes it almost impossible to reproduce the node path and decrypt the information layer by layer. Due to the high level of encryption, websites are not able to track the geolocation and IP of their users, and users are not able to get this information about the host. Thus, communication between darknet users is highly encrypted allowing users to talk, blog, and share files confidentially.

Darknet

The darknet is also used for illegal activity such as illegal trade, forums, and media exchange for pedophiles and terrorists. At the same time, traditional websites have created alternative accessibility for the Tor browser in an effort to connect with their users. ProPublica, for example, launched a new version of its website available exclusively to Tor users.

If you are testing your headphone or your speaker but all of a sudden encountered an error that says, “Failed to play test tone” in your Windows 10 computer, worry not for this post will walk you through how you can fix this problem. The test tone is used to check the right-left balance of the headphones and speakers in your computer, however, if you are not able to use it, there are several options you can check out. You can try to run the Playing Audio troubleshooter or restart the services that are related to Windows Audio. Aside from these, you could also disable Audio Enhancements or you could also change the default test tone rate and bit depth.

Option 1 – Try to run the Playing Audio Troubleshooter

Since the Windows 10 operating system has the Playing Audio Troubleshooter, you can use this troubleshooter to try and fix the problem with the “No Audio Output Device is installed” error. You can access this tool in the Control Panel or in the Taskbar Search and even on the Troubleshooters page of Windows 10. Run this troubleshooter and see if it can fix the issue or not.

Option 2 – Try to restart the Windows Audio-related services

The next thing you can do to fix the problem is to restart the services related to Windows Audio. Although the audio services start automatically on every system boot, there are times when they might fail to start. Thus, you can start these services manually by following these steps:

• Tap the Win + R keys to launch the Run utility and type “services.msc” in the field and hit Enter to open the Services Manager.
• Then look for the services named “Windows Audio” and “Windows Audio Endpoint Builder”.
• Double click on each one of these services and check if their Service Status is set to Running or not and also check if the Startup Type is set to Automatic.
• If none of the services are running, just click on the Start button and select the Automatic option from the drop-down menu.
• Now click on the Apply and OK buttons to save the changes made and then check if the error is fixed.

Option 3 – Try to update the Audio driver

You might also want to consider updating or the Audio driver as it could help in fixing the error.

• Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box and then type in devmgmt.msc and tap Enter or click OK to open the Device Manager.
• Expand the section for the outdated device drivers.
• And then select the outdated driver(s) and right-click on it/them.
• From the drop-down menu, select the Update Driver option and follow the on-screen instructions to install the latest version of the driver.
• Then also click on the option, “Search automatically for updated driver software.
• Restart your PC after the installation.

Note: If updating or reinstalling the Audio driver didn’t work, you can go to the manufacturer’s website and look for the support section where you can download the drivers for your computer. You just need to take note of your PC’s correct model and model number so you can find the appropriate driver.

Option 4 – Try changing the default test tone rate and bit depth

Windows selects a default test tone rate and bit depth depending on your headphone or speaker. This allows you to look for the best sound quality from your audio output device. So if your headphone or speaker has some problems with the default settings, then it’s no wonder why you’re getting the “Failed to play test tone” error. To fix this, you can try to change the default test tone rate and bit depth by following the steps below.

• First, you need to open the Windows Settings panel and then go to System > Sound.
• Next, look for the Device properties option located on your right-hand side and click on it.
• After that, select the Additional device properties option and go to the Advanced tab.
• From there, select a different test tone rate and bit depth and then click on the Test button.
• Once done, check if it was able to fix the problem or not.

Option 5 – Try disabling the Sound or Audio enhancements

To make your operating system’s specific hardware sound nothing but perfect, both Microsoft and third-party vendors have shipped audio enhancement packages which are usually referred to as “Audio Enhancements” in Windows 10. However, there are instances when instead of improving the sound or audio quality of your computer, it can cause problems so to fix the problem you need to turn off these audio enhancements. How? Simply follow the steps below.

• Type in “Sound” in the taskbar search and then from the list of results, select “Sound Control Panel”.
• After clicking Sound, the Sound properties box will pop up. From there, go to the Playback tab and right-click on the default device i.e. Speakers or Headphones then select Properties.
• After that, the Speakers properties box will appear. From there, go to the Enhancements tab and select the checkbox for the “Disable all enhancements” option.