When we get ourselves a new USB stick, new hard drive, or any storage device not including optical drives they are usually preformatted and ready to be used out of the box. However, reformating them has several benefits and while we are reformatting we can choose in which file system format we want the memory to be formatted.
In this article, we will compare and explore 3 typical and standard format options you can get while formating a new media in Windows 10.
The oldest one on the list, coming all the way from DOS days. Great for devices that need to be plugged in different operating systems and for USB flash drives. Its advantages are compatibility with all major operating systems and little memory usage comparing to other ones. However, the file system is limited to file sizes of the maximum capacity of 4GB and partitions can not exceed more than 32GB.
First introduced in Windows NT this file system offered slower performance than FAT32 and somewhat limited usability but the main advantages were more stability and fewer errors. Its main advantages are support for files larger than 4GB and partitions larger than 32GB along with the ability for on the file encryption, main disadvantage would be limited operating system usage, NTFS can not be used on systems that work on FAT32 like MS-DOS for example or older versions of Windows. The best usage for this file system is in internal hard disk drives and system drives.
New kid on the block, well at least from the perspective of the previous 2. exFAT offers unlimited file sizes and unlimited partition sizes but at a price that is even more limiting than NTFS. Some Linux distributions will require a driver to be installed in order to see the exFAT partition. The best use is in storage, in external hard drives.
That's it, 3 major file systems, we hope that you have managed to learn something new today, and remember to drop by tomorrow for more articles about advice, tips, tricks, and troubleshooting.

Error Causes
Microsoft has released Windows 11 as a public beta release for all the people that are not willing to be in the insider program.
Beta release as of this moment is identical to Insider Preview build 22000.100. and updates will not roll so fast as in insider preview and it is marked as unstable release, same as insider build.
I would not install Windows 11 beta on the main PC since some drivers still have issues and may lead to some blue screens.
Be aware that the beta build will have all Windows 11 system requirements including TPM 2.0. This is a big difference from insider build which can be installed on systems lacking official requirements.
So basically if you have a spare PC that could run Windows 11 install it so you can see what it brings and feel it so you can make a decision will upgrade once it is released later this year. Error code 0x000000D1 is a serious error that is displayed when Windows automatically shuts down to protect the system against further damage.
Usually, when this error occurs, the message displayed to the users states something like STOP 0x000000D1 DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL.
What Causes 0x000000D1 Error?Usually, the STOP 0x000000D1 error code is caused by issues like incompatibilities, third-party drivers, driver conflicts, outdated drivers, malicious drivers, and other related problems.
Speaking technically, the message displayed to the user actually means that the kernel-mode driver has tried to gain access to memory at an unreasonably high process IRQL.
If left unfixed, STOP 0x000000D1 error can become quite serious. Increased frequency of occurrence may not only lead to data loss but can cause system corruption as well. That’s why it is crucial to fix it and to resolve the underlying issues causing it as soon as possible.
Loving Windows 11 so far? We sure are. Microsoft has clearly decided to take its OS to the next level and keeps showing it through every update. It makes you wonder what’s next - and today, you’ll find out!
Tons of new features have been leaked, and we can probably expect them with the 23H2 update. Here’s everything you need to know so far.

There are plenty of new features already confirmed for Windows 11. The only issue is we don’t know for sure if they’re coming with the 23H2 update or separately, at a different time. Whatever the case, a lot of them are pretty exciting.
Here’s an overview of what we might be getting this fall.
Another is AI-generated keywords, designed to improve the discoverability of apps you’re searching for. Moreover, the AI-generated review summary is designed to give us a simpler experience looking at reviews. Huge numbers of reviews will be compiled into a summary that’s easy to scan and lets us discover new content faster.
We’ve got some interesting stuff to look forward to with the next major Windows 11 update. And these are just the things the Internet’s actually heard of, so who knows what else Microsoft might be planning? It remains to be seen, hopefully just a few months from now. 23H2 has been released on October 31st.