Logo

Fix ndis.sys failed BSOD error on Windows 10

NDIS or Network Driver Interface Specification is a programming interface for the network interface cards that aids in the proper functioning of a system driver in a computer network. The NDIS helps the computer system in order to communicate with other connected devices and hardware components on a computer network. In relation, the ndis.sys file is a critical system file developed by Microsoft for the Windows operating system. As you know, sys files or system files are important parts of the Windows operating system as well as a repository of system driver settings used by Windows to communicate with the connected hardware and devices.

The ndis.sys files are stored mostly in a driver folder at C:/Windows/System32/drivers and as mentioned, these files are essential for the system to function properly. Although the presence of ndis.sys system file is not yet known to affect the normal functioning of the Windows OS, some of the Windows 10 users reported that they encountered ndis.sys blue screen errors on their PCs. Blue Screen of Death errors or Stop errors usually occurs when you open a program or a function. Moreover, it could also occur when the driver gets loaded during the system startup or during system shutdown.

It isn’t yet clear what really causes the ndis.sys blue screen error. However, like other Stop errors, it may occur due to corrupted files, misconfigured device drivers, bad drivers, corrupted Windows Registry, missing or damaged system files, and malicious programs. Aside from the aforementioned reasons, the ndis.sys blue screen error might also occur if your hard disk is damaged and if the RAM is corrupted. In such cases, a lot of users usually disable the ndis.sys file. However, it won’t really resolve the issue since the file is required for the normal functioning of the operating system and even when you disable the file, it’s pretty useless as the file will start all over again. In addition, you might want to disable security programs or firewalls and antivirus programs in the meantime to check if these programs are the ones that are causing the error. And if you’ve determined that none of the security programs or firewalls and antivirus programs are to blame, refer to the options below that might help you resolve the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL or ndis.sys Blue Screen of Death error.

Option 1 – Try to update or reinstall the PC device driver

The Ndis.sys Blue screen error can occur when the device driver in your computer is outdated or corrupted. Thus, you either have to update or reinstall it to fix the issue.

  • Tap the Win + R keys to launch Run.
  • Type in devmgmt.msc into the box and tap Enter or click OK to open the Device Manager.
  • After that, a list of device drivers will be displayed. If you see a red or yellow sign that shows up against the driver, right-click on the driver’s name and select “Update Driver Software” or “Uninstall”. And if you find any “Unknown device”, you need to update it as well.
  • Select the “Search automatically for updated driver software” option and then follow the instructions to complete the process.
  • Restart your PC.

Option 2 – Rollback your Network drivers

If you have updated the driver software as of late and you suddenly got this BSOD error, you might have to roll back the device driver – in other words, switch back to the previous working version. To do that, follow these steps:

  • Tap the Win + R keys to launch the Run window and then type in the “devmgmt.msc” command and hit Enter to open the Device Manager window.
  • Under the Device Manager, you will see a list of drivers. From there, look for the Network Adapters and expand it.
  • Next, select the driver entries that are labeled appropriately other than anything in the context of the WAN Miniport.
  • Then select each one of them and double-click to open a new mini window.
  • After that, make sure that you’re on the Driver tab and if you are not, just navigate to it then click the Roll Back Driver button to switch back to the previous version of your Network adapters.
  • Now restart your computer to successfully apply the changes made.

Option 3 – Try running the System File Checker

The SFC or System File Checker scan could detect and automatically repair damaged system files that could be causing the ndis.sys Blue Screen of Death error. SFC is a built-in command utility that helps in restoring corrupted files as well as missing files. It replaces bad and corrupted system files with good system files. To run the SFC command, follow the steps given below.

  • Tap Win + R to launch Run.
  • Type in cmd in the field and tap Enter.
  • After opening Command Prompt, type in sfc /scannow and hit Enter.

The command will start a system scan which will take a few whiles before it finishes. Once it’s done, you could get the following results:

  1. Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.
  2. Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired them.
  3. Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them.

Option 4 – Try running the CHKDSK utility

Running the CHKDSK utility might also help you resolve the Netwtw04.sys failed BSOD error. If your hard drive has issues with integrity, the update will really fail as the system will think that it’s not healthy and that’s where the CHKDSK utility comes in. The CHKDSK utility repairs hard drive errors that might be causing the problem.

  • Open Command Prompt with admin privileges.
  • After opening Command Prompt, execute the following command and hit Enter:

chkdsk /f /r

  • Wait for the process to be completed and then restart your computer.

Option 5 – Run the DISM Tool

The DISM tool is another command-line tool in the Windows operating system that could help users fix various corrupted system files. To use it, follow these steps:

  • Open the Command Prompt as admin.
  • Then type in this command: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
  • The DISM command you entered will repair the corrupted system image. Do not close the window if the process takes a while as it will probably take a few minutes to finish.
  • Restart your PC.

Option 6 – Perform a System Restore

Performing a System Restore on your computer can also help you fix the ndis.sys Blue Screen of Death error. You can do this option either by booting into Safe Mode or in System Restore. If you are already in the Advanced Startup Options, just directly select System Restore and proceed with the next steps. And if you have just booted your PC into Safe Mode, refer to the steps below.

  • Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box.
  • After that, type in “sysdm.cpl” in the field and tap Enter.
  • Next, go to the System Protection tab then click the System Restore button. This will open a new window where you have to select your preferred System Restore point.
  • After that, follow the on-screen instructions to finish the process and then restart your computer and check if the problem is fixed or not.

Do You Need Help with Your Device?

Our Team of Experts May Help
Troubleshoot.Tech Experts are There for You!
Replace damaged files
Restore performance
Free disk space
Remove Malware
Protects WEB browser
Remove Viruses
Stop PC freezing
GET HELP
Troubleshoot.Tech experts work with all versions of Microsoft Windows including Windows 11, with Android, Mac, and more.

Share this article:

You might also like

How to remove FindWide

FindWide is a browser add-on for Internet Explorer. This addon Hijacks your home page and internet search provider changing it to search.findwide.com. Alternate versions change the homepage to search.us.com.

This addon monitors your user activity while you are surfing the web. It collects user and browsing data, that it uses to better display targeted ads. While browsing with this addon enabled you will see additional ads, sponsored links, and even sometimes pop-up ads displaying throughout your browsing sessions.

Several anti-virus programs have marked this addon as a Browser Hijacker and is therefore not recommended to keep on your computer.

From the Author: Each search engine has its own method of searching and each will return different results. Findwide.com looks at all of them, decides which are most relevant to your search, eliminates duplicates, and reveals them to you. In the end, you get a list of results more complete than using any one search engine alone.

Help! Malware Blocking Antivirus Installation And Access To The Internet

Viruses could cause plenty of damage to your computer. Some malware is meant to restrict or block things that you wish to do on your personal computer. It may well not permit you to download anything from the net or it will stop you from accessing some or all websites, especially the anti-malware websites. If you’re reading this, you probably have got infected by a virus that prevents you from installing a computer security program like Safebytes Antimalware on your PC. Even though this kind of problem can be tougher to get around, there are some steps you can take.

Download the application in Safe Mode with Networking

If any virus is set to run automatically when Microsoft Windows starts, entering Safe Mode could block the attempt. Since only the bare minimum applications and services launch in safe mode, there are seldom any reasons for conflicts to take place. To launch your Windows XP, Vista, or 7 PCs in Safe Mode with Networking, follow the instructions below. 1) Press the F8 key continuously as soon as your computer boots, but before the big Windows logo comes up. This will bring up the Advanced Boot Options menu. 2) Choose Safe Mode with Networking using arrow keys and press ENTER. 3) When you are into this mode, you will have online access again. Now, utilize your browser to download and install Safebytes. 4) Following installation, do a full scan and let the software get rid of the threats it discovers.

Switch over to an alternate web browser

Certain malware might target vulnerabilities of a specific web browser that obstruct the downloading process. In the event you suspect that your Internet Explorer has been hijacked by malware or otherwise compromised by hackers, the best course of action is to switch over to an alternate internet browser such as Chrome, Firefox, or Safari to download your chosen computer security application – Safebytes Anti-Malware.

Install antivirus on a USB drive

Here’s another solution which is using portable USB anti-malware software that can scan your computer for malicious software without needing installation. Follow these steps to run the anti-malware on the affected computer system. 1) Download Safebytes Anti-Malware or MS Windows Defender Offline onto a clean computer. 2) Plug the Flash drive into the uninfected computer. 3) Double-click the exe file to open the installation wizard. 4) When asked, select the location of the pen drive as the place in which you want to put the software files. Follow the directions to complete the installation process. 5) Transfer the USB drive from the clean PC to the infected PC. 6) Double-click the anti-malware software EXE file on the thumb drive. 7) Press the “Scan” button to run a full computer scan and remove malware automatically.

Protect Your PC & Privacy With SafeBytes Anti-Malware

To help protect your computer or laptop from various internet-based threats, it is very important to install anti-malware software on your computer system. However, with countless numbers of antimalware companies in the marketplace, nowadays it is actually challenging to decide which one you should obtain for your laptop. A few are good ones, some are decent, while some are simply just fake anti-malware software that will harm your PC themselves! You must be careful not to choose the wrong product, especially if you buy a premium program. Among few good applications, SafeBytes Anti-Malware is the highly recommended program for security-conscious people. SafeBytes anti-malware is a trustworthy tool that not only protects your PC completely but is also very easy to use for people of all skill levels. With its cutting-edge technology, this application can help you eliminate multiples types of malware like computer viruses, trojans, PUPs, worms, ransomware, adware, and browser hijackers. SafeBytes anti-malware offers an array of advanced features which sets it apart from all others. The following are some typical features present in this computer software: Real-time Threat Response: Malware programs attempting to enter the system are discovered and stopped as and when detected by the SafeBytes active protection shields. This tool will always monitor your PC for any suspicious activity and updates itself continuously to keep current with the latest threats. Robust Anti-malware Protection: By using a critically acclaimed anti-malware engine, SafeBytes offers multilayered protection that is made to catch and eliminate threats that are concealed deep inside your computer. Web Filtering: Through its unique safety score, SafeBytes alerts you whether a website is safe or not to visit it. This will assure that you’re always certain of your safety when browsing the net. Lowest CPU/Memory Usage: SafeBytes is well-known for its low effect on computer resources and great detection rate of countless threats. It runs quietly and efficiently in the background so you are free to use your computer at full power all the time. Fantastic Technical Support: Support service is accessible 24 x 7 x 365 days via chat and email to answer your queries. To conclude, SafeBytes Anti-Malware is really great for securing your computer against all sorts of malware threats. Once you’ve installed SafeBytes Anti-Malware, you will no longer have to bother about malware or other security concerns. If you’re searching for a comprehensive antivirus program that’s still easy to use, SafeBytes Anti-Malware is just what you need!

Technical Details and Manual Removal (Advanced Users)

If you do not wish to use an automated tool and like to eliminate FindWide manually, you could possibly do so by going to the Windows Add/Remove Programs menu in the Control Panel and deleting the offending program; in cases of browser plug-ins, you can uninstall it by visiting the browser’s Add-on/Extension manager. You might also want to reset your home page and search engine providers and also clear your browser cache and cookies. Finally, examine your hard disk for all of the following and clean your Windows registry manually to remove leftover application entries following uninstalls. But bear in mind, this is often a complicated task and only computer professionals could perform it safely. In addition, some malware is capable of replicating or preventing removal. Carrying out this malware-removal process in Safe Mode is suggested.
Files: C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\Autorun.inf C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\crx.tar C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\ffassist.1.dll C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\GLOBALUNINSTALL.TNT C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\hmac.1.dll C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\iehpr.1.dll C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\iestage2.1.dll C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\IEToolbar.dll C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\IEToolbar64.dll C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%\Local Settings\Application Data\TNT2.0.0.1599\INSTALL.TNT
Read More
Best MMO games to play during this winter
How summer is slowly slipping away and winter is coming people will spend more time indoors, and on top of that delta variant of Covid-19 is rampaging through the world. Being the gamer is now maybe the best time to be, sitting in the comfort of your home, safely isolated from viruses and people, just pushing buttons and emerging yourself in a vast world and new adventures. But games cost money, and sometimes being a gamer can be expensive, also the COVID situation makes it even more difficult to spend some time with friends. Do not worry, we are here to help. I am presenting you the list of MMO games that you should try or play during this COVID Winter, and since they are MMO games, you can play them with your friends and hang out in the virtual world. Some of them are also free to play so they will not cost you any money to enjoy them. The following list is not set in any particular order and remember that this is not a ranked list. There is no best MMO and I will not try to place any of these titles as one dominant, I will just point their style and who they might be for, it is up to you to decide which one you will pick and enjoy.

Best MMO’s in no particular order

EVE Online

eve online MMOEVE Online is one of the earliest MMO games out there but since its release, it is still actively developed and is receiving updates. This science-fiction Sandbox will offer space lovers everything they need and more. Large scale PvP, mining, pirating, etc. It can be daunting and complex for beginners but take your time to get familiar with its systems and you will be rewarded greatly with an immersive and complex game worth the time. Open PvP in some zones might not be everyone’s cup of tea and seeing only your ship might be a turn-off for some players, but if you do not mind these things give it a go. It is free to play with an item shop.

Final Fantasy XIV

ff14 mmoFF14 had a tough start, so tough that it was scrapped and destroyed and has been remade again and that idea was great. The game now is better than ever and at this time it is experiencing large players from other games surging into it. This on the rails fantasy MMO will offer you a great story and great leveling experience. It has a free trial where you can play the whole original game for free but if you wish to continue playing you will have to buy the expansion and pay a monthly subscription but the content is well worth the money.

World of Warcraft

wowLet’s be honest, not a single list of MMO games cannot be without a once greatest and most successful MMO ever made, World of Warcraft. But instead of me praising the game why it was the greatest and why you should play it and how great it is I am going to take a little different approach. I am going to recommend you World of Warcraft classic, yup, you read it correctly, classic. Now World of Warcraft is a retail game with a subscription service but with that one subscription you will be able to access three games in the World of Warcraft universe: World of Warcraft retail (standard game), World of Warcraft Classic (vanilla WOW without expansions offering you experience as it once was when it was released) and World of Warcraft the Burning Crusade classic (same as WOW classic but with the first expansion the Burning Crusade). Among all solutions, I would really urge you to play either WOW classic or WOW TBC classic simply for reason that they are far superior games in comparison to typical retail ones, but if you like easier game go for retail, it is included in the sub anyway.

Guild Wars 2

gw2Guild Wars 1 was one of my favorite games and I sank a lot of times in it and once Guild Wars 2 came I must admit I was pleasantly surprised with it and I would recommend it highly. The base game is completely free to play with only expansion to be purchased and it is buy to play model without monthly fees. It has specific mechanics different from other games and interesting classes to try. The living world is a great feature of the game and it is still very strong with its player base.

Star Wars: old republic

Star-Wars-The-Old-RepublicThis game is made for people who enjoy, love, and like Star Wars. Mechanically besides being able to have henchmen with you and space battles (which I do not really like how they are done) game itself does not offer anything special. Where it shines is in the story and overall Star Wars experience. If you look at this game as a single-player game with multiplayer dungeons you will have a great time, since the story is really good but sadly end game lacks in comparison.

Elder Scrolls Online

Blackwood-release-date-on-TESO-when-will-the-new-chapterI am going to admit something here, I was not fond of the idea to make the beloved Elder Scrolls series into MMO, but in time I gave it a go and I am really glad I did. This game is great and it is getting better and better as time progresses. It is buy to play without monthly fees and basic game free, same as FF14 but without fees. It has a decent community and offers a really good Elder Scrolls experience and now it is packing Morrowind expansions and other great areas. Highly recommended for any Elder Scrolls fan.

Lord of the Rings Online

Lord-of-the-Rings-Online-to-Receive-VisualTech-Updates-asThis one is troublesome to recommend, on one side you have free to play games deeply inside Tolkien Lord of the Rings lore, on the other side, you have outdated graphics and some stupid item shop decisions like buys specific classes. But if you look past stupid item shop decisions and can live with playing free class in the game you will be pleasantly surprised. The game itself is surprisingly good, the story is great as expected from the game infused with lore taken from one of the best books series ever written, and the feeling when visiting iconic landscape is epic. But if I need to be real as I should, I would recommend this one to people appreciate good story and lore and ones that are fans of Lord of the Rings itself.

Neverwinter

Neverwinter-Sharandar-Artwork-001Neverwinter is a premium and licensed D&D MMO game and it is well strange. The free-to-play model of the game will let you enjoy it until you hit the end game, then you will have to shell real money if you want to be competitive but the journey until then is great. I would recommend it to D&D lovers and people that love to try other people's maps, yup you read it correctly. Neverwinter has a map editor making it one of a kind MMO game where you can create your own dungeons and post them for other players to play, this user-generated content makes it a very specific beast in this list, and for that feature alone it has my recommendation.

Tera

tera-classes-guideAnother one of the older titles, Tera will offer you nor depth nor anything new in terms of leveling, quests, or end game except… the COMBAT. This is maybe the greatest MMO Combat game ever created and it is quite fascinating that even after so many years no other game has managed to create a better combat system than one of Tera. If you enjoy action combat and like some specific aesthetics Tera is a game for you.

Albion

Albion-Online-LaunchAlbion is a sandbox game with open-world PvP and building mechanics where you can build your own forest, house, etc. You know, sandbox stuff, including a lot of crafting and well, other sandbox stuff. If you want great quests and some occasional play then skip Albion, this game is made for a more hardcore player base not being afraid to die and spend some time crafting and going through the economy. The best comparison might be with EVE but in fantasy settings.

Black Desert

bdoBlack Desert is also a sandbox game but different from Albion, here you can organize and hire a workforce and send them to different nodes on a map to harvest resources and build an economy while you are on some epic adventure. Housing is also included but you can buy already made houses instead of making your own in the world. Combat is a game that comes very close to Tera combat and it is very enjoyable. The end game is money sink and PvP based so be careful when choosing this one.

Secret World Legends

the-secret-world-relaunching-as-1200x675If you like occult and supernatural with new world order themes and conspiracy theories, Secret World Legends is the game for you. Somewhat little clunky its setting and story really set it apart in many many ways. It has semi-action combat and it is free to play with item shop but all the content can be experienced for free. Recommended for fans of deeper gameplay and horror lore.

Runescape

runescapeWhen I said no MMO list can be without World of Warcraft, it also cannot be without Runescape, one of the oldest games it was revamped with newer mechanics and graphics, free to play all the way and you can also pick old school Runescape if you really want to go all the way on a nostalgia trip. I would recommend a newer one for newer players, the game offers a great story and unusual quests infused with puzzles and interesting storylines. If you like really good quest design without fetch and grind quests along with interesting story this is a game for you.

AION

aionLast on my list would be AION, a very interesting game made also a long way back, but the fact that is completely free with the cosmetic shop will make it as one to recommend since you can experience the whole game for free. It has some limited flying mechanics in it and later game zone are open PvP zones, story is interesting and leveling process is enjoyable. Also game itself is not really easy and if not careful you can get yourself in danger quite quickly. Recommended for old-school feeling.

Conclusion

That's it, there are many more MMO games out there but some are on verge of closing down and some are plainly bad. I hope that I have made your choice easier and that you will find one or a few from this list to spend your time in it. Remember, stay safe and take care of yourself.
Read More
How to Fix the AVFoundationCF.dll Error on Your PC
AVFoundationCF.dll is a type of Dynamic Link Library file. This DLL file is associated with AVFoundationCF and is developed by Apple Computer Inc. for Windows PC. This file functions similarly to any other DLL files. It comprises of small programs. This DLL file is typically needed to load and start the Apple iTunes utility. The inability to call this file or the files to load triggers the AVFoundationCF.dll error message on your system. The error message can be displayed in either of the formats on your PC:
“The program can’t start because AVFoundationCF.dll is missing from your computer. Try reinstalling the program to fix this problem.” "This application failed to start because avfoundationcf.dll was not found.” "Cannot find %COMMONFILES%AppleApple Application Supportavfoundationcf.dll." "Cannot start AVFoundationCF. A required component is missing: avfoundationcf.dll.” “Avfoundationcf.dll Access Violation." "Cannot register avfoundationcf.dll."

Solution

Restoro box imageError Causes

AVFoundationCF.dll error can occur due to numerous reasons. However, the most common reasons for this error code include:
  • Viral infection
  • Corrupt or invalid registry entries
  • Apple Computer Inc. hardware failure such as bad hard drive
  • Missing or deleted Avfoundationcf.dll file
It is recommended to resolve the error as soon as you experience it virtually because if the error code is related to viral infection on your system, it can expose your PC to privacy errors and data security risk. And if the error is triggered by registry issues, it can lead to serious threats like system crash, failure, and data loss. Therefore, the AVFoundationCF.dll error not only hampers your ability to access and start Apple iTunes program but it also puts your PC at serious risk.

Further Information and Manual Repair

To fix the error AVFoundationCF.dll on your PC, here are some of the best and easy to do solutions that you can try:

Check your Recycle Bin

Since dll files are shared files, there is a possibility that this file accidentally got deleted when you were uninstalling some other program on your system. If you experience missing AVFoundationCF dll file error message after performing any program on your PC, then chances are that it got deleted and maybe in your recycle bin. So, first, check your recycle bin and search for the dll file. If you find it, restore it to fix the error.

Update Device Driver

To resolve the issue, try performing a driver update. This can be done by downloading the latest drivers from the hardware manufacturer’s website. Now open Device Manager from the Control Panel and locate the hardware device that you want to update the driver for. Once you find the hardware you are updating the driver for, right-click on the hardware icon and choose properties. In the properties windows, click the driver tab. Now click the update driver button. To activate changes, restart your PC. To automatically update your computer's drivers when necessary, download and install DriverFIX.

Try Re-installing Apple iTunes Program

To do this, simply go to the control panel, select programs and then uninstall a program and then select iTunes.  Uninstall it and then repeat the same program and install the Apple iTunes program again on your PC by downloading the program from Apple’s official website.

Scan for Viruses

If the error still persists, then it is advisable to scan your PC for viruses. This can be easily done by running a powerful antivirus on your PC. However, please note anti-viruses are notorious for slowing down PC performance. So, may have to compromise on the speed of your system.

Clean and Repair the Registry

If the error is caused by invalid and corrupt registry entries and damaged Avfoundationcf dll file, then the best way to resolve is to download a powerful registry cleaner. We advise you to install Restoro on your PC. This is an advanced and a multi-functional PC Fixer integrated with multiple powerful utilities including a high functional registry cleaner, an antivirus and a system optimizer. The registry cleaning utility scans all the registry issues and removes all errors triggered by the registry immediately. It cleans the registry by wiping out all the unnecessary, obsolete and redundant files including invalid entries and bad registry keys. Furthermore, it also fixes the damaged and corrupt dll files including Avfoundationcf dll file. Thereby resolving the error right away. Furthermore, the antivirus deployed in this software scans for all types of malicious codes like viruses, Trojans, spyware, and malware and removes them. To ensure you don’t compromise on your PC performance, it is deployed with a system optimizer utility that boosts the speed of your computer dramatically. This tool is bug free, has a user-friendly interface and compatible with all Windows versions. Click here to download Restoro and resolve Avfoundationcf.dll error on your PC today!
Read More
CD/DVD icon is not showing in File Explorer
In the past, CDs, DVDs, and floppy drivers used to be the primary sources of external storage for many users – that is until the USB storage devices took over. These days, a lot of devices no longer have a built-in CD or DVD writer or reader as it contributes to the thickness of the device. On the other hand, there are still various devices that still come with a built-in CD or DVD writer or reader. However, recently, users who still use CD or DVD on their devices reported a problem where the CD or DVD icon is not visible in the File Explorer as well as in “This PC” or the My Computer page. The cause of this issue is still unknown at the time of writing, but there are still some potential fixes you can try to fix it. You can try to update or roll back the device drivers or apply some tweaks in the Registry Editor. For more details, refer to the given options below.

Option 1 – Try to update or rollback device drivers

The first thing you can try to fix the missing CD or DVD icon is to either update or roll back the device drivers. It is most likely that after you updated your Windows computer that your driver also needs a refresh. On the other hand, if you have just updated your device drivers then you need to roll back the drivers to their previous versions. Whichever applies to you, refer to the steps below.
  • Open the Devices Manager from the Win X Menu.
  • Then locate the device drivers and right-click on them to open the Properties. Note that the concerned drivers will be listed under the DVD/CD-ROM drives section as well as the IDE/ATAPI Controllers section.
  • From there, look for the following drivers:
    • ATA Channel 0.
    • ATA Channel 1.
    • Standard Dual Channel PCI IDE Controller.
  • Now, right-click on each one of the listed drivers and update them all. You could also try to roll them back to their previous versions.
Note: You can also directly download the relevant drivers of your computer from the manufacturers’ website. So if you have an SSD, the issue might be due to an old storage driver.

Option 2 – Try to use the Registry Editor

  • Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box and type “Regedit” in the field and then tap Enter to open the Registry Editor.
  • Next, navigate to this registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlClass{4D36E965-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}
  • After that, look for the DWORD values named “UpperFilters” and “LowerFilters”.
  • Right-click on each one of these DWORD values and select Delete.
  • Now restart your computer and see if it fixes the problem.

Option 3 – Try creating a new Registry entry

There is another option you can try in the Windows Registry to fix the missing icon of the CD/DVD. You can try adding a new entry. How? Refer to these steps:
  • Tap the Win ­+ R keys to open the Run dialog box and type “Regedit” in the field and hit Enter to open the Registry Editor.
  • After that, navigate to this registry path: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesatapi
  • From there, right-click on “ATAPI” and select New > Key.
  • After that, name it is “Controller0” and right-click on the sub-key and then select New > DWORD (32-bit) Value.
  • Now name it as “EnumDevice1” and double click on it and then set its value data to “1”.
  • Click OK and restart your computer to apply the changes made successfully.
Read More
Win Firewall and third party Firewall are off
As you know, the Windows 10 operating system, as well as other Windows versions, comes with the Windows Firewall. In Windows 10, the firewall allows users to install and run a third-party firewall. This kind of firewall works independently to block any suspicious activity on your computer. However, recently, some users reported that they are getting a notification on the Startup saying,
“Windows Firewall and <Third party firewall name> Firewall are both turned off; tap or click to see available options”.
This particular error could be caused by a lot of factors but when you manually check the firewall, you’ll find that there really is nothing wrong with both the Windows Firewall and the third party firewall. So if both the Windows Firewall and third-party firewalls like McAfee, Comodo, and many others are both turned off in Windows 10, then you need to do several things to resolve the problem – you need to check the supporting services that are required and uninstall and then reinstall the third party firewall on your computer. For more instructions, refer to the options provided below.

Option 1 – Try enabling all the supporting services for the firewall

The first thing you can do to resolve the error with the firewall is to check all of its supporting services by following these steps:
  • Tap the Win + R keys to open the Run utility and type “services.msc” in the field and then hit Enter to open the Windows Services Manager.
  • Next, look for the Windows Defender Firewall service among the given list of services.
  • Once you found it, make sure that its Startup Type is set to Automatic and that the status of the service is Running. So if it’s not running, just click on the Start button.
  • In addition, you also have to make sure that the following services’ status is set as follows:
    • Xbox Live Networking Service: Manual
    • Base Filtering Engine: Automatic
  • Once done, start the firewall again and check if the error is now fixed or not.

Option 2 – Try to uninstall and reinstall the third-party firewall

It is possible that the firewall error might be due to an error with the compatibility of the installation in Windows 10 and the third-party firewall. Thus, the next thing you can do is to uninstall the third-party firewall and then reinstall it again. Once you have uninstalled the third-party firewall, you can download its latest version from its official website and install it again. This should fix the error with the firewall.
Read More
A Quick Guide to Resolving Error Code 0x800ccc92 on Your PC

0x800ccc92 - What is it?

Do you come across this error message “Receiving’ reported error (0x800ccc92): “Your e-mail server rejected your login”? Verify your user name and password in your account properties. The server responded: - ERR invalid user names and password” when you try to send or open emails using your Outlook account? If yes, then this article is a must-read for you as we explain why this error occurs and how you can resolve it. To begin with, 0x800ccc92 is a common Microsoft Outlook error. This error restricts your ability to send and receive emails on your Outlook email address. In other words, it locks you out and hampers your ability to use your account successfully causing a great deal of inconvenience especially if you use your Outlook account for communication in and across your office.

Solution

Restoro box imageError Causes

The 0x800ccc92 error message may occur due to numerous reasons so narrowing it down to one particular reason for occurrence is not easy. However, here we have listed down some of the most common causes of this error code:
  • Incorrect Outlook configuration settings
  • Invalid password or username
  • PST file crosses its fixed file size limit
  • Failure of POP3 and Protocol STMP in database server connection
  • Improper synchronization between Outlook and the server
  • Virus Infection
  • Invalid registry entries

Further Information and Manual Repair?

To fix the error code 0x800ccc92 on your system, here are some quick, effective, and easy DIY solutions that you can try:

Solution 1:

Sometimes the error code may occur due to an invalid password and usernames entry. Therefore, first, cross-check user ID and password. If you’ve entered the wrong password, try inserting the correct password to access your account.

Solution 2:

If the error still persists, then try installing the latest available Server Service Pack for Exchange. This solution works best if compatibility is the issue and the underlying reason for the error is improper synchronization between Outlook and the server.

Solution 3:

The presence of malware and viruses can also lead to such errors. Therefore, it is advisable to scan your entire PC for malware and viruses using a powerful antivirus.

Solution 4:

If the issue occurs due to bad and invalid registry entries, then it is important that you remove them right away. Due to such entries, you may experience the 0x800ccc92 error on your PC. To remove them, you need to download a registry cleaner. Downloading two programs an antivirus and a registry cleaner separately may slow down the speed of your PC. Therefore, to ensure this does not happen it is recommended you install Restoro Restoro is an advanced and multi-functional PC Fixer. This software is deployed with an intuitive algorithm and multiple powerful PC repair utilities including a registry cleaner, anti-virus, and a system optimizer. It is a one-stop solution for all PC-related issues. Using this tool, you can scan your entire PC and remove all types of malicious software including malware, viruses, spyware, and Trojans corrupting your PC in seconds. Simultaneously, it also removes all bad registry keys and entries and files the damaged system file, thereby restoring the registry back to normal. The system optimizer utility ensures your PC speed is not compromised due to the repair process. This software is safe, bug-free, efficient, and user-friendly. It is compatible with all Windows versions. Click here to download Restoro on your PC to instantly remove viruses and invalid registry entries to resolve the 0x800ccc92 error message on your system now!
Read More
Should you build a custom PC

Building your own custom PC system can be one of the greatest things you can do to your budget. Instead of going for a rebuild, we will go into detail about why building your own PC is a much better option. Also, note that if you do not possess enough technical knowledge about a topic there are plenty of stores that will offer you advice on components and after all, you can always get help from a friend.

Custom PC

So without further diversion from the topic, let us explore all the benefits of building a custom computer.

Building a custom PC is cheaper

At the first look, this statement does not feel right since when you look at the prebuilt systems you get a feeling that it is much cheaper than do it yourself variant and although CPU and GPU seem like a great deal I beg you to look under the hood on other components. Usually to lower price compromise would be made on other crucial components like SD or power supply, a PC case, or motherboard so even if you have a good CPU and GPU that will not matter much since other components would not be able to catch up with them. After all, prebuild computers will need to pay people who are building them and there is no way that will be cheaper if you just plain went and bought the same components yourself and install them.

When you are in control in choosing each component there is not only being cheaper online, it is flexibility with building itself. You choose which components you want to be stronger and which to be normal. Also, you can choose the exact model of the given component leaving you more in control and open to future upgrades.

More flexibility

Also, it may sound irrelevant but when building your own custom PC you can also choose which company you would like to purchase for each model, yes considering the CPU it is AMD or Intel but when you are buying a case, SSD, GPU, and other components choosing the right company for your needs is also the thing that should not be overlooked.

You can customize it the way you want

Not really a quality argument but with a custom PC build, you can choose would you like that RGB component or not, you choose do you like white or black fans, and many more things. You really can place a personal stamp on the computer making it indeed a personal computer.

You choose OS and applications

When you buy an already prebuilt PC, usually it comes with some sort of OS on it, sometimes it is freedos, Linux and sometimes it is Windows Home. When you get your hands dirty you can place whichever system you want on it and install applications that you use and know and some preinstalled typical apps.

Read More
How to Fix Error 421

What is the Error 421?

Error 421 is a common SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Outlook error message. MS Outlook is one of the best and popular email applications widely used by PC Windows users for sending and receiving emails within and outside workplaces. It is most commonly used in offices by professionals for faster communication. This error may occur while sending and receiving emails on the server. The error 421 messages is displayed in either of the following formats:
“An unknown error has occurred: Server error 421” "Could not send your message. Error 421" 421 4.2.1 : (DYN:T1) http://postmaster.info.aol.com/errors/421dynt1.html 421 4.3.1 Out of disk space for temp file 421 4.3.2 All server ports are busy 421 Downstream server error 421 Fork failed 421 Greylisting enabled, please try later “An unknown error has occurred. Subject ‘Testing’, Account: ‘pop.charter.net’, Server: ‘mail.charter.net’, Protocol: SMTP, Server Response: ’421 Message rejected’, Port: 25, Secure(SSL): No, Server Error: 421, Error Number: 0x800CCC67”

Solution

Restoro box imageError Causes

Some common causes for this critical Outlook error are:
  • PST storage size exceeds 2GB file size
  • Improper ISP settings
  • Slow internet connection
  • PST file corruption
  • Trojan attack and viral infection
This is a critical Outlook error that should be resolved timely. If you delay, it may cause you a great deal of inconvenience. The error code 421 hampers your ability to access your email account, send and receive emails, add new contacts, view emails, calendar entries, and journals. In other words, it just brings your email activities to a standstill locking you out of the account.

Further Information and Manual Repair

To resolve this error code on your system, you don’t always have to hire a professional or call the network personnel to do the job. It may be a critical error but the good news is that it is quite easy to fix. Even if you don’t have technical expertise, you can still repair it. Here are some of the best methods to repair this issue on your system:

1. Change the Server Settings to its Maximum Limit

Try changing your server settings. Here set the inbound connections limit at the maximum limit.
  • To do this, open the Microsoft Exchange Server Administrator utility. The access path of this utility will vary depending on the installation procedure used to set up Exchange Server.
  • Once you open the MS Exchange Server Administrator utility, click the ‘Connections’ icon in the left side navigation pane. Now double click the internet mail service icon in the right side pane. As you click it, the Properties window will open.
  • Now click the ‘Connections’ tab in the Properties window and then click the ‘Advanced’ button. This will open the configuration window.
  • Here reset the number for ‘Maximum Number of Inbound Connections’ to a high number, its maximum limit. After changing the settings, close all open Exchange Server Administrator program windows to successfully complete the process.
After the process is complete, try accessing your Outlook email account again; if it works, then that’s great the error 421 is resolved. However, if it doesn’t, then the problem could be related to viral infection.

2. Download a PST Repair Tool

If the cause of the error is PST files corruption, then not only will you be locked out of your email account, you are also at risk of losing all the data stored in your email account. However, the best way to resolve the error and ensure full data recovery is to download a reliable PST repair tool. By running a PST repair tool on your system, you can resolve the error 421 right away. It recovers your data, repairs corrupt and damaged PST files.

3. Scan Your PC with Restoro.

If viral infection and Trojans are causing the error 421 to pop up on your system, then it is recommended to download and scan your PC with Restoro. This is an advanced, intuitive, and user-friendly PC fixer. It is not just an antivirus but also a system optimizer and a registry cleaner. Unlike common antivirus software that only removes viruses and simultaneously slows down the system’s speed, Restoro removes all types of malicious software on your PC including malware, spyware, Trojans, and viruses, and also boosts the speed of your PC significantly. It is safe, easy to operate, and a quick fixer. It is compatible with all Windows versions. Click here to download Restoro and resolve error 421 today!
Read More
BuzzDock Removal Guide

What is BuzzDock?

Buzzdock is a browser extension. Buzzdock will be automatically enabled on IE and Chrome following installation, and you may begin using Buzzdock with no further action required. If you elect to optimize Buzzdock performance, the settings preferences of your browser may be adjusted after installation. This browser extension changes your default search provider to Buzzdock.com custom search. It displays additional unwanted ads, banners & sponsored links on web pages that you visit, and it hijacks your browser home page. This browser extension has been flagged as malware by many anti-virus scanning programs.

About Browser Hijackers

Browser hijackers (sometimes called hijackware) are a type of malicious software that modifies web browser configuration settings without the user’s knowledge or consent. These hijacks are rising at an alarming rate worldwide, and it could be actually nefarious and sometimes dangerous too. They’re created to interfere with web browser programs for many different reasons. In most cases, hijackers are made for the benefit of online hackers often through income generation from forced ad clicks and site visits. Nonetheless, it’s not that harmless. Your online safety is jeopardized and it is extremely irritating. They not only screw up your browsers, but browser hijackers can even modify the computer registry, leaving your PC susceptible to other attacks.

Symptoms of browser hijacker malware

There are several signs that indicate the web browser is hijacked: 1. the home page of your browser is changed unexpectedly 2. you find new unwanted bookmarks or favorites added, typically directed to ad-filled or porn sites 3. The default search page of your web browser is changed 4. you see unsolicited new toolbars added 5. you notice a lot of pop-ups on your computer screen 6. your web browser gets slow, buggy crashes frequently 7. you are prohibited access to specific web pages, including the site of an anti-malware software firm like SafeBytes. Exactly how browser hijacker finds its way onto your computer system Browser hijackers infect computer systems in numerous ways, including through a file-share, a drive-by download, or an infected email. They are usually included with toolbars, BHO, add-ons, plug-ins, or browser extensions. Browser hijackers sneak to your computer along with free software downloads also that you unknowingly install alongside the original. Some of the most well-known hijackers are BuzzDock, Babylon Toolbar, Conduit Search, Sweet Page, OneWebSearch, and CoolWebSearch. Browser hijacking can cause severe privacy problems and even identity theft, affect your web browsing experience by taking command over outbound traffic, substantially slows down your computer by consuming lots of resources, and result in system instability as well.

The best ways to get rid of browser hijackers

Certain browser hijacking can be quite easily corrected by discovering and removing the corresponding malware application from your control panel. However, most hijackers are hard to remove manually. No matter how much you try to get rid of it, it may keep returning over and over again. You should consider doing manual fixes only if you’re a tech-savvy person because there are potential risks associated with fiddling around with the system registry and HOSTS file. Browser hijackers could be effectively removed by installing and running anti-malware software on the affected PC. Safebytes Anti-Malware can counter relentless browser hijackers and provide you proactive computer protection against all kinds of malware. Together with anti-malware, a system optimizer program, similar to Safebytes Anti-Malware, can help you correct registry errors, remove unwanted toolbars, secure online privacy, and enhance overall system performance.

Find Out How to Get rid of Malware that is Blocking Websites or Preventing Downloads

Malware could cause all sorts of damage when they invade your computer, starting from stealing your personal information to erasing files on your PC. Some malware sits in between the computer and the internet connection and blocks a few or all internet sites which you want to visit. It might also block you from adding anything to your system, especially anti-malware applications. So what should you do when malicious software prevents you from downloading or installing Safebytes Anti-Malware? There are a few fixes you can attempt to get around with this problem.

Boot Windows in Safe Mode

The Windows OS includes a special mode called “Safe Mode” where only the minimum required programs and services are loaded. In the event, the malicious software is set to load automatically when the computer starts, shifting to this mode may well prevent it from doing so. To get into Safe Mode or Safe Mode with Networking, press the F8 key while the computer is booting up or run MSCONFIG and find the “Safe Boot” options in the “Boot” tab. After you restart the PC into Safe Mode with Networking, you could download, install, as well as update anti-malware software from there. Right after installation, run the malware scanner to eliminate standard infections.

Use an alternate internet browser to download the anti-malware application

Malicious program code might exploit vulnerabilities in a specific browser and block access to all antivirus software sites. In case you suspect that your Internet Explorer has been hijacked by malware or otherwise compromised by online hackers, the best plan of action would be to switch to an alternate internet browser like Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, or Apple Safari to download your favorite computer security program – Safebytes Anti-Malware.

Create a portable USB antivirus for removing malware

Another way is to download and transfer an anti-malware program from a clean PC to run a scan on the affected computer. Adopt these measures to run the antivirus on the affected computer. 1) Download Safebytes Anti-Malware or Windows Defender Offline onto a clean computer. 2) Plug the Thumb drive into the uninfected computer. 3) Double-click the executable file to run the installation wizard. 4) Pick a USB flash drive as the location when the wizard asks you where you intend to install the software. Follow the directions to finish the installation process. 5) Transfer the thumb drive from the uninfected computer to the infected PC. 6) Run the Safebytes Anti-malware directly from the pen drive by double-clicking the icon. 7) Run Full System Scan to identify and clean-up up all types of malware.

A Look at the Best AntiMalware Program

If you’re looking to download an anti-malware application for your PC, there are various tools out there to consider however, you just cannot trust blindly anyone, irrespective of whether it is free or paid software. Some of them are excellent, some are ok types, and some will harm your PC themselves! You need to pick a tool that has gained a good reputation and detects not just computer viruses but other types of malware as well. Amongst few good programs, SafeBytes Anti-Malware is the highly recommended program for the security-conscious individual. SafeBytes anti-malware is a trustworthy tool that not only secures your PC completely but is also quite user-friendly for people of all skill levels. This software could easily detect, remove, and protect your computer from the latest malware threats including spyware, adware, trojan horses, ransomware, worms, PUPs, along with other possibly damaging software programs. There are numerous great features you will get with this security product. The following are some of the great features included in the software. Robust Anti-malware Protection: With its advanced and sophisticated algorithm, this malware removal tool can find and eliminate the malware threats hiding within your PC effectively. Live Protection: SafeBytes gives real-time active monitoring and protection against all known computer viruses and malware. This software will continuously monitor your PC for any suspicious activity and updates itself regularly to keep current with the constantly changing threat landscape. Website Filtering: Safebytes assigns all websites a unique safety score that helps you to get an idea of whether the webpage you are going to visit is safe to view or known to be a phishing site. Low CPU and Memory Usage: SafeBytes is really a lightweight application. It consumes an extremely small amount of processing power as it runs in the background so you’re free to use your Windows-based PC the way you really want. 24/7 Online Tech Support: For any technical issues or product support, you could get 24/7 expert assistance through chat and email. To sum it up, SafeBytes Anti-Malware offers great protection combined with an acceptable low system resources usage with both great malware detection and prevention. You now may understand that this particular software does more than just scan and delete threats from your PC. For optimum protection and the best value for your money, you can’t get better than SafeBytes Anti-Malware.

Technical Details and Manual Removal (Advanced Users)

If you wish to manually remove BuzzDock without the use of an automated tool, it may be possible to do so by removing the program from the Windows Add/Remove Programs menu, or in cases of browser extensions, going to the browsers AddOn/Extension manager and removing it. You will likely also want to reset your browser. To ensure the complete removal, manually check your hard drive and registry for all of the following and remove or reset the values accordingly. Please note that this is for advanced users only and may be difficult, with incorrect file removal causing additional PC errors. In addition, some malware is capable of replicating or preventing deletion. Doing this in Safe Mode is advised. The following files, folders, and registry entries are created or modified by BuzzDock
Files: File at $COMMONPROGRAMSBuzzdockBuzzdock Support Site.lnk. File at $COMMONPROGRAMSBuzzdockBuzzdock.lnk. File at $COMMONPROGRAMSBuzzdockUninstall.lnk. File at $PROGRAMFileSBuzzdockBuzzdock Support.url. File at $PROGRAMFileSBuzzdockBuzzdock.ico. File at $PROGRAMFileSBuzzdockBuzzdock.url. File at $PROGRAMFileSBuzzdockBuzzdockIEClient.dll. File at $PROGRAMFileSBuzzdockUninstall.url. Directory at $COMMONPROGRAMSBuzzdock. Directory at $LOCALAPPDATAGoogleChromeUser DataDefaultExtensionsejaodgecffaefnnoggjpogblnlpejkma.1.5_0. Directory at $LOCALAPPDATAGoogleChromeUser DataDefaultExtensionsejaodgecffaefnnoggjpogblnlpejkma. Directory at $PROGRAMFileSBuzzdock. Registry: A key in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT named BuzzdockIEClient.Api.1 A key in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT named BuzzdockIEClient.Api A key in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT named BuzzdockIEClient.Layers.1 A key in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT named BuzzdockIEClient.Layers Key 220EB34E-DC2B-4B04-AD40-A1C7C31731F2 at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionUninstall. Key 435D09AA-DDE4-4B40-9129-08F025ECA349 at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTCLSID. Key 435D09AA-DDE4-4B40-9129-08F025ECA349 at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerBrowser Helper Objects. Key 4A3DEECA-A579-44BC-BCF3-167F4B9E8E4C at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTCLSID. Key 83C58580-EC6E-48CD-9521-B95874483BEB at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTCLSID. Key BE3A76AC-F071-4C7F-9B7A-D974B4F52DCA at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTAppID. Key C8C107B2-28C2-472D-9BD4-6A25776841D1 at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTTypeLib. Key BuzzdockIEClient.DLL at HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTAppID. Key ejaodgecffaefnnoggjpogblnlpejkma at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREGoogleChromeExtensions.
Read More
How to Fix Sndvol32.exe Error

What Is Sndvol32.exe Error?

Sndvol32.exe is actually an important part of the Windows operating system. Responsible for managing the sound-card volume and running programs properly, the problem occurs when error messages appear. The user will be unable to listen to music on the system. Usually, Windows XP users encounter the Sndvol32.exe error.

Solution

Restoro box imageError Causes

Sndvol32.exe error can be caused by any one or several of the reasons listed below.
  • Accidental deletion of the DLL file from the system
  • Damage to the DLL file due to spyware or virus infection
  • Improper removal of software
  • Unintentional overwriting on the DLL file by a mismatched version
  • Obsolete hardware drivers
  • Several obsolete/invalid registry entries
  • Corrupt registry entries
Regardless of what triggers the Sndvol32.exe error, it is of utmost importance to take immediate measures to fix the problem and to keep it from occurring again.

Further Information and Manual Repair

If you are looking for ways to fix this error manually, the Windows functionality of System Restore will come into play in this particular scenario. In case the error is caused by a damaged or corrupt file, performing System Restore is an ideal choice as it will allow you to not only get a fresh copy of the operating system, it will be possible for you to remove the error at the same time as well. The procedure for performing System Restore is outlined below as follows.
  • Click on the Start menu and type ‘System Restore’ in the search box.
  • When the icon for ‘System Restore’ appears, click on it.
  • Now type ‘Restore’ in the search box that appears on the start menu.
  • The window for the System Restore center will now appear.
  • Now you have two options. You can either opt for “Recommend Restore” which is the case where the system itself will choose a restore point for you or you can select “Choose a different restore point”. Users are advised to choose the latter option as it is more customizable.
  • Users can now select from a list of restore points that have been created before. If you observe closely, you will realize that one of the restore points is prior to the occurrence of the Sndvol32.exe error.
  • Click on the restore point. Once you have confirmed your selection, your system will restart and it will roll back to its previously selected restore point.
One recommendation is to perform the system restore in Windows Safe Mode. This is just to ensure that the System Restore is performed smoothly and any potential problems are kept at bay.
Read More
1 2 3 171
Logo
Copyright © 2023, ErrorTools. All Rights Reserved
Trademark: Microsoft Windows logos are registered trademarks of Microsoft. Disclaimer: ErrorTools.com is not affiliated with Microsoft, nor claims direct affiliation.
The information on this page is provided for information purposes only.
DMCA.com Protection Status